Key to the genera of the Vernonieae
1. |
Achenes strongly compressed with 2 horn-like apical projections |
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Achenes cylindrical with a pappus of awns, capillary hairs or a cartilaginous coronona |
2 |
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2. (1) |
Inflorescence glomerulose with congested capitula, synflorescence on an elongated scape |
3 |
Inflorescence cymose with separate (although sometimes congested) capitula, not scapose, or sessile and axillary |
4 |
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3. (2) |
Florets 3(2-5) per capitulum; leaves tomentose or glabrate; corollas tube about twice as long as corolla lobes |
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Florets (4-) 6-12 per capitulum; leaves glabrate, membranous; corolla tube between 2-4.5 times as long as corolla lobes |
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4. (2) |
Corolla with prominent stipitate-glands; capitula terminal on branches; involucre surrounded by foliaceous bracts |
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Corollas lacking stipitate-glands; capitula usually few to many in axillary or terminal inflorescences, if scapose then pedicel ebracteate; involucre not surrounded by foliaceous bracts |
5 |
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5. (4) |
At least inner phyllaries deciduous |
6 |
All phyllaries persistent |
7 |
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6. (5) |
Usually all phyllaries deciduous (at least in herbarium material); capitula usually in dense axillary or terminal clusters; leaves sometimes opposite; shrubs (sometimes scandent) or trees; pubescence often stellate or lepidote; corolla lobes sometimes strongly coiled |
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Only inner phyllaries usually deciduous; capitula in terminal inflorescences; leaves alternate or opposite |
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7. (4) |
Florets 2-4 per capitulum; corollas often zygomorphic; involucre usually with 4 pairs of phyllaries |
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Florets more than 5 per capitulum; corollas actinomorphic; involucre few- to many- seriate |
8 |
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8. (7) |
Pappus a cartilaginous corona; corollas 3-4-lobed; phyllaries ± 2-seriate |
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Pappus of hair-like or capillary setae; corollas 5-lobed; phyllaries 3-6-seriate |
9 |
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9. (8) |
Aquatic herbs; capitula axillary, usually solitary |
10 |
Terrestrial herbs, shrubs or small trees; capitula numerous, of scorpioid cymes or terminal and solitary |
11 |
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10. (9) |
Capitula small, 1 (-3) per axil; phyllary margins concolorous; achenes 5-ribbed; style with basal node; leaves not clasping stem; delicate herbs |
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Capitula large, solitary and axillary; phyllary margins whitish; achenes 10-ribbed; style lacking basal node; leaf bases amplexicaul; robust herbs |
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11. (9) |
Pappus of strap-shaped awns |
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Pappus of capillary setae |
12 |
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12. (11) |
Corollas with long hairs on inside of throat |
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Corollas lacking long hairs on inside of throat |
