Key to the genera of the Senecioneae
1. |
Plants dioecious or occasionally gynodioecious; plants either functionally male (ovaries sterile) or functionally female (abortive anthers); individual capitula exclusively homogamous; style arm apices rounded, dorsally papillose |
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Plants monoecious; plants with some hermaphrodite florets; capitula homogamous (discoid) or heterogamous (disciform or radiate); style arms apically truncate or obtuse to conical, apically with ring of penicillate collecting hairs, with or without a central projection of penicillate papillae |
2 |
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2. (1) |
Style arms apically truncate or obtuse with a ring of penicillate collecting hairs, apical projection absent |
3 |
Style arms apically conical, convex or triangular with central penicillate projection and a ring of collecting hairs |
13 |
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3. (2) |
Annual herbs; leaves alternate |
4 |
Perennial suffrutescent herbs, shrubs or small trees; leaves alternate or opposite |
5 |
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4. (3) |
Capitula heterogamous, calyculate; marginal florets female, corollas filiform, yellow, whitish or pinkish |
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Capitula homogamous with hermaphrodite florets, or heterogamous with marginal florets female, calyculus reduced to a few bracts or absent; corollas strictly yellow |
Senecio p.p. |
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5. (3) |
Rhizomatous or caespitose herbs; leaves usually rosulate, rarely cauline; phyllaries fused at least to midpoint; marginal florets rayed (when present), yellow, violet or purple |
6 |
Phyllaries free to base |
8 |
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6. (5) |
Leaves numerous with at least leaf bases covering rhizome for c. 10 cm below inflorescence or apices; plants forming tightly packed or loose hummocks or mats; leaves of outer edge of more closely compressed plants with distal few mm green, other leaves brown, blackish or whitish |
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Leaves few and restricted near apices of rhizomes or just below capitula; plants forming rosettes in small groups or individually; leaves completely green |
7 |
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7. (6) |
Leaves and involucre glabrous; style arm apices with or without few papillae but never with long multicellular hairs |
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Leaves and involucre covered with long (3-5 mm) strigose hairs; style arm apices with long multicellular hairs |
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8. (5) |
Anther bases rounded or obtuse; leaves alternate; usually herbs, subshrubs or shrubs; hermaphrodite florets with short-lobed corollas; ray limbs (when present) usually yellow, violet or purple, rarely white |
9 |
Anther bases sagittate or tailed; trees, shrubs or woody vines |
12 |
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9. (8) |
Herbs, densely woolly; capitula usually large, solitary or few, nodding, discoid; phyllaries usually multiseriate |
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Herbs, subshrubs, small shrubs or scandent shrublets, glabrous or variously pubescent but not woolly; capitula relatively small to medium, usually few to many, erect, discoid, disciform or radiate; phyllaries uniseriate |
10 |
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10. (9) |
Herbs, subshrubs or small shrubs; florets usually many; phyllaries >5; corollas usually short-lobed |
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Suffrutescent herbs, scandent shrublets or trees; florets few (5); phyllaries 5; corolla lobes long or short |
11 |
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11. (10) |
Capitula discoid; corolla lobes long; style arm apices penicillate; corollas white |
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Capitula radiate; disc corolla lobes short; style arms apices truncate to obtusely convex; corollas yellow |
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12. (8) |
Leaves glabrous or with simple hairs; style branches truncate or obtuse; stigmatic areas clearly separated; achenes 5- angled or ribbed |
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Leaves pubescent, hairs stellate or irregularly branched; style branches acute to acuminate; stigmatic areas continuous or barely separated; achenes 8-10-ribbed |
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13. (2) |
Annual herbs; leaves alternate; capitula homogamous, ecalyculate; corollas orange-red to pink |
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Perennial herbs or woody vines or shrubs; leaves alternate or opposite; capitula homogamous or heterogamous, calyculate; corollas orange, yellow or white, rarely purple |
14 |
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14. (13) |
Hermaphrodite florets corollas narrowly tubular, throats gradually funnelform |
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Hermaphrodite florets corollas campanulate or tubular, throat distinct from tube |
15 |
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15. (14) |
Suffrutescent climbers; leaves alternate or opposite, membranaceous; capitula discoid; corollas yellow or greenish-yellow phyllaries (12-)16-21; 30-100 (-140) florets per capitulum |
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Plants woody shrubs or trees; leaves opposite, coriaceous; capitula radiate or discoid; corollas yellow to white; phyllaries 8; ray florets (1-3)4-8, hermaphrodite florets 8-24 |
