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Xenophyllum V. A. Funk, Novon 7(3): 235 (3 Oct. 1997).

Werneria Kunth subgen. Euwerneria (Gay) Rockh. sect. Digitifoliae Rockh., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 70(3): (1939), nom. illegit.

Werneria Kunth subgen. Euwerneria (Gay) Rockh. sect. Aciculares Rockh., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 70(3): (1939), nom. illegit.

Note: Rockhausens account (1939) provided a number of illegitimate infrageneric names (as only the names were proposed, lacking descriptions).

Type: Xenophyllum dactylophyllum (Sch.Bip.) V. A. Funk

References

Blake, S. F. (1928). New South American species of Werneria. J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 18(18): 485498.

Cabrera, A. L. (1948). Las especies Argentinas del gnero Wereneria. Notas Mus. La Plata, Bot. 13(No. 60): 4961.

Funk, V. A. (3 Oct. 1997a). Xenophyllum, a new Andian genus extracted from Werneria s.l. (Compositae: Senecioneae). Novon 7(3): 235閖241.

Funk, V. A. (1997b). Werneria s.l. (Compositae: Senecioneae) in Ecuador. In: Valencia, R. & H. Balslev (eds), Estudios sobre diversidad y ecologia de plantas. Memorias del II Congreso Ecuatoriano de Botnica. Univ. Cat l. Quito: 2535.

Rockhausen, M. (1939). Verwandtschaft und Gliederung der Compositen-Gattung Werneria. Bot .Jahrb. Syst. 70(3): 273339.

Key to species (somewhat modified from Funk, 1997a).

1.Leaves entire 2

Leaves forked, notched, or finger-like at apex6

2. (1)Leaves angular in cross-section, width and depth equalX. marcidum

Leaves terete, sometimes slightly elliptical in cross-section 3

3. (2)Plants growing in wet pramoX. humile

Plants from dry puna4

4. (3)Leaves narrowing towards apex but ending abruptly in a flat callused tipX. poposum

Leaves narrowing gradually to an acute or rounded tip5

5. (4)Leaves arching outwardsX. ciolatum

Leaves straight, appressedX. weddellii

6. (1)Leaves terete below apical divisions; leaves divided into 3, 9 or many parts7

Leaves flattened beneath apical divisions; leaf upper portion divided into 2 or 3 parts at apex8

7. (6)Leaf apices in 3 or 9; plants in hummocks c. 10᱖30 cm tall X. dactylophyllum

Leaf apices in many parts but multiples of 3; plants in smaller but taller hummocks, c. 2060 cm tall (possibly in Bolivia)X. staffordiae

8. (6)Leaves divided into 2 parts at apicesX. digitatum

Leaves divided into 3 parts at apicesX. rosenii

Xenophyllum ciliolatum (A. Gray) V. A. Funk, Novon 7(3): 239 (1997).

Werneria ciliolata A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 5: 140 (1861). Type: High Andes of Peru, near Alpamarca. [Collected on the United States South Pacific Exploring Expedition under Captain Wilkes]. Holotype: US.

?Werneria juniperina Hieron., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 21(4): 365 (1896). Types: Peruvia: crescit inter Tacora et Sajama, alt. s. m. 42004300 m, ubi floret mense Octobri ([Stbel] coll. peruv. n. 106); in vicinitate montis Tomarape alt. s. m. 42004400 m, ([St bel] coll. peruv. n. 116). Floret mense Octobri. Syntypes: B. Lectotype (selected by Funk (1997: 230): Stbel 106: B, photo of B in GH, NY, US. A neotype should be selected at some stage.

Bolivia (?), Chile, Peru.

Xenophyllum dactylophyllum (Sch.Bip.) V. A. Funk, Novon 7(3): 239 (1997).

Werneria dactylophylla Sch.Bip., Bonplandia 4(4): 53 (1856). Type: Ganz paradox ist die famose Werneria dactylophylla, welche ich im Pariser Herbar auch von Dombey aus Peru gesehen habe. Sie ist ebenfalls vom Agapata dicht an der Schneelinie 16000 Fuss hoch, [Lechler 1807]. Given by Funk (1997: 239) as 咑Peru. [Dept. Puno], Prov. Carabaya, Cordillera above Agapata, 16,000 ft., June 1854, Lechler 1807]. Holotype B (photo GH, NY, US); lectotype (selected by Funk, 1997: 239): G; isolectotypes BR, GH (pp), GOET, K, LE (pp), NY, P 4, S, W 2.

*Werneria dactylophylla Sch.Bip. f. glabriuscula Rockh., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 70(3): 286 (1939). Types: Peru: Departm. Puno: Cordillera ber Lampa. (A. Raimondi Nr. 10475 Februar 1865.)/Bolivien: Palca-La Paz, 5000 m . M. (Pflanz Nr. 238 April 1908.) Oberstes San Francisco-Tal (Ancohuma, Gletscherbche, 5000 m . M. (C. Troll Nr. 2076 Juli 1928.). Syntypes: B.

Werneria dactylophylla Sch.Bip. var. glanduloso-denticulata Rockh., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 70(3): 286 (1939). Type: Peru: Prov. Cajatambo: Departm. Ancachs: Pa ߄Conta auf der schwarzen Cordillera ber Ocros, auf sehr d rftig bewachsenem steinigem Boden, 4500-4800 m . M. (Weberbauer Nr. 2820 April 1903.). Holotype: B.

Bolivia (La Paz), Peru.

Note: Funk (1997: 239) cited the holotype as in B, although it is quite clear from the protologue that Schultz Bipontinus not only saw the Dombey collection in Paris, but also saw Lechler 1807. A lectotype should have been chosen from between the Dombey collection and the Lechler collection, rather than considering that the species was based solely on Lechler 1807.

This species has been added to the Bolivian flora based on two recent collections from La Paz which key out to this species and resemble Peruvian material.

La Paz: Wood 11255; Wood & Wendleburger 16400.

Xenophyllum digitatum (Wedd.) V. A. Funk, Novon 7(3): 239 (1997).

Werneria digitata Wedd., Chloris Andina 1: 86 (1856). Types: Hab. P rou!: Cordillres du d partement de Cuzco! (Gay). Bolivie: Cordillre de Sorata (mont Illamp ), dans le voisinage des neiges perptuelles (Wedd.); assez commun au niveau des neiges, dans le ravin (quebrada) de las lagunas de Potosi!, o il form des touffes hautes dun pied, dans les interstices des rochers (dOrbigny, no. 1407). Syntypes: P. Lectotype (selected by Funk, 1997: 239): Bolivia. [Dept. Potos], lagunas de Potos , dOrbigny 1407, P; isolectotypes: BR, F (fragment of lectotype), G, P.

Werneria digitata Wedd. var. lanata Rockh., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 70(3): 287 (1939). Types: Peru: An der Lima-Oroya-Bahn. In der Nhe der Hacienda San Florenzo bei Yauli auf sumpfigem, d rftig bewachsenem Boden, 4700 m . M. (A. Weberbauer Nr. 356 Januar 1902.) Hochanden ber Lima: In der Nhe der Silbergrube San Florencio zwischen Steinger ll auf sehr drftig bewachsenem Boden, 4800 m . M. (A. Weberbauer Nr. 5171 Mrz/April 1905.). Syntypes: B䒆.

Bolivia (Potos), Peru.

Xenophyllum humile (Kunth) V. A. Funk, Novon 7(3): 239 (1997).

Werneria humilis Kunth in Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth., Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. 4 (ed. folio): 150 (1818). Type: [Ecuador:] Crescit cum pr cedente. K [Werneria rigida Kunth (= Xenophyllum rigidum) - Crescit in summis Andibus Quitensium, alt. 1800 2000 hex. K] Holotype: P-Bonpl.; isotype: B-W.

Werneria lehmannii Hieron., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 28(5): 647 (1901), non Klatt (1894). Types: Ecuador: crescit locis uliginosis in Pramo de Mojanda supra Otavallo, alt. s. m. 34004000 m, mense Junio Augusto florens (L.[ehmann] n. 6230 et n. 6326).ᖒ Syntypes: B. Lectotype (selected by Funk, 1997: 238): Lehmann 6230: K, photo US; fragment of B syntype, MA, US.

Werneria articulata S. F. Blake, Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 22: 651 (1924), nom. nov. pro W. lehmannii Hieron.

Oresigonia brvifolia Willd. ex Rockh., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 70(3): 293 (1939), nom. nud. pro syn.

Werneria humilis Kunth f. articulata (S. F. Blake) Rockh., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 70(3): 294 (1939).

Bolivia (La Paz), Columbia, Ecuador, Peru.

Xenophyllum marcidum (S. F. Blake) V. A. Funk, Novon 7(3): 240 (1997).

Werneria marcida S. F. Blake, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 18(18): 492 (1928). Type: Peru: In mounds by brook, Rio Blanco, Dept. Lima, alt. about 4575 m., 20-25 Mar. 1923, J. Francis Macbride 3032. Holotype: F (534102), photos US; isotypes BM, G 2, GH, MA, US (1191416), W

Werneria sedoides S. F. Blake, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 18(18): 493 (1928). Type: בPeru: In tufts on wet rocky slopes, Punco, Dept. Hunaco, about 34 km. west of Huallanca, alt. about 4115 m., 1 Oct. 1922, Macbride & Featherstone 2475. Holotype: F (518901); isotype: G (+ fragment of holotype), US (1186098).

Bolivia (?), Peru.

Xenophyllum poposum (Phil.) V. A. Funk, Novon 7(3): 240 (1997).

Werneria poposa Phil., Anales Mus. Nac. Chile, Bot. 8: 40 (1891). Type: [Chile:] ᒑHabitat ad Copacoya 3500 m. s. m., ubi Poposa vocabatur; infusum plantae contra dolores colicos propinant. [Pizarro (1960: 165) cited Se halla en Copacoya a 3.500 m. s. m., donde la llaman poposa. noting two collections in SGO 60591, 44579. ?Holotype (according to Funk, 1997: 240 but without specifying which of the two collections mentioned by Pizarro): SGO.

Werneria lorentziana Hieron., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 21(4): 364 (1896). Types: Peruvia: crescit prope Tacora, alt. s. m. 4200 m ([Stbel] coll. peruv. n. 107), prope Tomarap , alt. s. m. 42004400 m ([Stbel] coll. peruv. n. 117); floret mense Octobri-Novembri. Syntypes: B.

Argentina, Bolivia (?), Chile, Peru.

Vernacular name: Poposa, pupusa (Cabrera 1948: 54).

Xenophyllum rosenii (R. E. Fr.) V. A. Funk, Novon 7(3): 240 (1997).

Werneria rosenii R. E. Fr., Nova Acta Regiae Soc. Sci. Upsal., ser. 4, 1(1): 90 (1905). Type: [Argentina] Prov. Jujuy: Nevado de Cha i, loco saxoso, ca. 5200 m. s. m. (20 Nov. 1901, Fr[ies] 862). Holotype: UPS; isotypes: P (photo US), US.

Argentina, Bolivia (?). Funk (1997: 240) cited Bolivia but this was unsupported by any listed material.

Xenophyllum staffordiae (Sandwith) V. A. Funk, Novon 7(3): 240 (1997).

Werneria staffordiae Sandwith, Hookers Ic. Pl., ser. 5, 5 (vol. 35 of whole work): tab. 3424 pp. 12, (1950). Type: Peru. Dept. Puno; San Antonio de Esquilache, on dry bare slopes below a wall of rock, 4650 m., 14 May 1937, Miss Dora Stafford 734. Holotype: K; isotypes: BM, F.

Bolivia (possibly, according to Funk), Peru.

Xenophyllum weddellii (Phil.) V. A. Funk, Novon 7(3): 240 (1997).

Werneria weddellii Phil., Anales Mus. Nac. Chile, Bot. 8: 40 (1891). Types: A variis locis, Machuca, Huasco, regione inter Copacoya et Inacaliri allata. Pizzaro (1960: 166) cited Trada de diversos lugares, Machuca, Huasco, de entre Copacoya e Inacaliri. listing two collections in SGO 풖 60589, 44581. In contrast Funk (1997: 240) suggested just that the holotype was in SGO; isotypes: B (photo in GH, NY, US), K, US (photo + fragment of K). In noting that the Philippi collection Chile: Tarapac: Laguna del Huasco [Laguna del Guasco, 3766 m], 1 Mar. 1885 was the holotype, this could be considered as default lectotypification.

?Werneria decumbens Hieron., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 21(4): 364 (1896). Type: ᒑPeruvia: crescit inter Tacora et Tomarape alt. s. m. 42004400 m, ubi floret mense Octobri ([Stbel] coll. peruv. n. 100c). Holotype: B.

Bolivia (La Paz), Chile, Peru on the tri-national border.

Xeranthemum caespitosum Thouars, Fl. Tristan dAcugn. 39. t 8 (1811) = Chevreulia sarmentosa (Pers.) S. F. Blake

Ximenesia australis Hook. & Arn. ex DC., Prodr. 7: 291 (1838), nom. nud. pro syn. = Verbesina encelioides (Cav.) A. Gray

Ximenesia encelioides Cav., Icon. 2: 60, t. 178 (1793) = Verbesina encelioides (Cav.) A. Gray

Ximenesia encelioides Cav. var. d? cana DC., Prodr. 5: 627 (1836) = Verbesina encelioides (Cav.) A. Gray

Ximenesia encelioides Cav. var. a hortensis DC., Prodr. 5: 627 (1836) = Verbesina encelioides (Cav.) A. Gray

Ximenesia encelioides Cav. var. g oblongifolia DC., Prodr. 5: 627 (1836) = Verbesina encelioides (Cav.) A. Gray

Ximenesia encelioides Cav. var. b pachyptera DC., Prodr. 5: 627 (1836) = Verbesina encelioides (Cav.) A. Gray

Ximenesia microptera DC., Prodr. 5: 627 (1836) = Verbesina encelioides (Cav.) A. Gray