This page has been extracted from PDF and some formating may have been lost.
To see the original document click here
Melanthera
Rohr, Skr. Naturhist.-Selsk. 2(1): 213 (1792).
Amellus P. Browne, Civ. Nat. Hist. Jamaica : 317 (1756), nom. rej., non Amellus L. Type: Santolina amellus L. = Melanthera nivea (L.) J. K. Small
Melananthera
Michx., Fl. Bor. Amer. 2: 106 (1803), orth var. Note: Michauxs name, whilst
being technically correct and provided with a full Latin description, is taken
as an orthographic variant of Rohrs.
Lipotriche R.Br.,
Observ. Campos : 118 (1817). Type: Lipotriche
brownei DC. = Melanthera scandens (Schumach. & Thonn.) Roberty
Wollastonia DC. ex
Decne, Nouv. Ann. Mus. Paris 3: 414 (1834). Lectotype (selected by Fosberg,
1980: 32): Wollastonia scabriuscula
DC. ex Decne, nom. illegit. = Melanthera biflora (L.) Wild
Psathurochaeta DC.,
Prodr. 5: 609 (1836). Type: Psathurochaeta
dregei DC. = Melanthera scandens (Schumach. & Thonn.) Roberty ssp.
dregei (DC.) Wild
Aphanopappus Endl.,
Gen. Pl. Suppl. 2: 43 (1842), nom. illegit., citing Schizophyllum Nutt. in synonymy.
Wuerschmittia
Sch.Bip. ex Walp., Repert. 6: 161 (1846). Type: Wuerschmittia abyssinica Sch.Bip. ex Walp. = Melanthera abyssinica
(Sch.Bip. ex Walp.) Vatke
Echinocephalum
Gardner, London J. Bot. 7: 294 (1848). Lectotype (selected by Wagner & H.
Robinson, 2001: 550): Echinocephalum
angustifolium Gardner = Melanthera
latifolia (Gardner) Cabrera, non M.
angustifolia A. Rich.
Type: No original species cited. Neotype (designated by Cassini, in J. Phys. Chim. Hist. Nat. Arts 87: 27, 1818, vide Nicolson in Taxon 30: 491492, 1981): Melanthera nivea (L.) Small
References
Parks, J. C. (1975). A revision of North American and
Caribbean Melanthera (Compositae).
Rhodora 75(No. 802): 169210.
Robinson, H. (2006). Melanthera. In: G. Harling & L. Andersson (eds), Flora of Ecuador, No. 77(1): 190(6). Compositae-Heliantheae, Part 1: Introduction, genera MZ. Botanical Institute, Gteborg University, G teborg & Section for Botany, Riksmuseum, Stockholm. pp. 510.
Wagner, W. L. & H. Robinson. (2001). Lipochaeta and Melanthera (Asteraceae: Heliantheae subtibe Ecliptinae):
establishing their natural limits and a synopsis. Brittonia 53(4): 539561.
Melanthera amethystina O. E. Schulz in Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 127 (1911) = Melanthera nivea (L.) Small
Melanthera
aspera (Jacq.) Small, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 36: 164 (1909) = Melanthera nivea (L.) Small
Melanthera aspera (Jacq.) Rendle in Fawcett & Rendle, Fl. Jam. 7: 232 (1936), comb. illegit., superfl.= Melanthera nivea (L.) Small
Melanthera
brevifolia O. E. Schulz in Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 123 (1911) = Melanthera nivea (L.) Small
Melanthera buchii Urban, Symb. Antill.
3: 411 (1903) = Melanthera nivea
(L.) Small
Melanthera calcicola Britton, Bot Porto Rico 6(2): 309 (1925) = Melanthera nivea (L.) Small
Melanthera
canescens (Kuntze) O. E. Schulz in Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 116 (1911) = Melanthera nivea (L.) Small
Melanthera
carpenteri Small, Fl. S. E. U. S.: 1251, 1340 (1903) = Melanthera nivea (L.) Small
Melanthera
confusa Britton, Bot. Porto Rico 6(2): 309 (1925) = Melanthera nivea (L.) Small
Melanthera corymbosa Spreng., Neue Entd. 2: 135 (1821) = Melanthera nivea (L.) Small
Melanthera
crenata O. E. Schulz in Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 123 (1911) = Melanthera nivea (L.) Small
Melanthera
hastata (Walter) L. C. Rich. ssp. cubensis
(O. E. Schulz) Borhidi, Bot. Kzlem. 58(3): 177 (1971) = Melanthera nivea (L.) Small
Melanthera
hastata (Walter) L. C. Rich. var. b cubensis O. E. Schulz in Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 125 (1911) = Melanthera nivea (L.) Small
Melanthera hastata
(Walter) L. C. Rich. ssp. lobata
(Pursh) Borhidi, Bot. K zlem. 58(3): 177 (1971) = Melanthera nivea (L.) Small
Melanthera [sub Melananthera] hastata (Walter) Michx. var. a lobata Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 2: 519 (1814) = Melanthera nivea (L.) Small
Melanthera hastata (Walter) Michx. var. g lobata (Pursh) O. E. Schulz in Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 125 (1911) = Melanthera nivea (L.) Small
Melanthera [sub Melananthera] hastata (Walter) Michx. var. b pandurata Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 2: 519 (1814) = Melanthera nivea (L.) Small
Melanthera
latifolia (Gardner) Cabrera, Darwiniana 16: 411 (1970).
Echinocephalum
latifolium Gardner, London J. Bot. 7: 294 (1848). Types: Hab. In cane-fields near Crato,
Province of Cear, Oct., 1838 ([Gardner]
1728); and in similar situations near Arrayas, Province of Goyaz, March, 1840
([Gardner] 3848). Lectotype (selected
by Wagner & Robinson, 2001: 557): Gardner
1728, BM; isolectotypes: K 2 (photo US), NY íY>í´´ 2, US (frag.). Syntype (Gardner 3848): K, NY 2.
Echinocephalum
lanceolatum Gardner, London J. Bot. 7: 295 (1848). Type: Hab. Near Aracaty, Province of Cear.
Aug., 1838. [Gardner] 1729. Cited by
Wagner & H. Robinson (2001: 557) as á''Holotype: BM-n.v.; isotypes: K-n.v.
(photo US), US (frag.).
Echinocephalum
angustifolium Gardner, London J. Bot. 7: 295 (1848). Type: Hab. Near Sap, Province of Goyaz.
Feb., 1840. [Gardner] 3848 (bis).
Cited by Wagner & H. Robinson (2001: 557) as ê''Holotype: BM-n.v.; isotypes:
K-n.v. (photo US), US (frag.).
Argentina, Bolivia (Santa Cruz), Brazil, Paraguay.
Melananther linnaei Kunth in Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. 4 (ed. folio): 156 (1818) = Melanthera nivea (L.) Small
Melanthera lobata Small, Fl. S. E. U. S.: 1251, 1340 (1903) = Melanthera nivea (L.) Small
Melanthera molliuscula O. E. Schulz in Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 127 (1911) = Melanthera nivea (L.) Small
Melanthera montana O. E. Schulz in Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 121 (1911) = Melanthera nivea (L.) Small
Melanthera nivea
(L.) Small, Fl. S. E. U. S. : 1251 (1903).
Bidens nivea L.,
Sp. Pl. : 833 (1753). Type: Habitat in Carolina. Lectotype (selected by
Parks, 1973: 184): [icon] Bidens scabra flore niveo, folio trilobato in
Dillenius, Hort. Eltham. 1: 55, t. 47, f. 55 (1732). See also discussion in
Jarvis (2007: 350).
Athanasia hastata
Walter, Fl. Carol. : 201 (1788). Type: not cited.
Calea aspera Jacq.,
Collect. 2: 290 (1788). Type: America meridionalis patria est. Apud nos in
caldariis laete viget, florens totam aestatem, .... Holotype: BM (according to
Parks, 1975: 192, repeated by Wagner & Robinson, 2001: 557).
Melananthera hastata
(Walter) Michx., Fl. Bor. Amer. 2: 107 (1803). Note: although citing Bidens nivea L. in synonymy, under ICBN
Art. 33.2 it is considered, albeit indirectly, that the name appearing in Flora Boreali-Americana is actually a
combination based on Walters name.
Melananthera deltoidea Michx., Fl. Bor. Amer. 2: 107 (1803), nom. illegit., citing Calea aspera Jacq. in synon.
Melanthera [sub Melananthera] hastata (Walter) Michx. var. a lobata Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 2: 519 (1814). Type: Icon. Dill. elth. t. 47. f. 55.
Melanthera [sub Melananthera] hastata (Walter) Michx. var. b pandurata Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 2: 519 (1814). Type: Icon. Dill. elth. t. 46. f. 54.
Melananther linnaei
Kunth in Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. 4 (ed. folio): 156
(1818). Types: [Colombia:] Crescit in calidis Regni
Novo-Granatensis, ad ripam fluminis Juanambu, prope El Tablon, alt. 760 hex.;
item in convalli fluvii Magdalen prope Guarumo et in litore lacus Tacarigu ,
alt. 100 400 hex. (Provincia Caracasana.) 0 Floret Junio Augusto.
Syntypes: P-Bonpl.
Melanthera corymbosa Spreng., Neue Entd. 2: 135 (1821). Types: Ex
Antiquae et Guadalupae insulis.
Melanthera urticifolia
Cass., Dict. Sci. Nat. 29: 484 (1823), nom. illegit. superfl.
Melanthera
panduriformis Cass., Dict. Sci. Nat. 29: 485 (1823). Type: Cette plante,
que nous navons point vu, et que nous avons dcrivons dapr s Dillen; a t
observe par ce botaniste sur des individus vivans, provenant de graines
envoy es de la Caroline, et cultive en Angleterre, o ils fleurissoient en
octobre. Note: this is based on Dillenius cultivated material grown at Eltham
and is doubtless one of the elements upon which Linneus based his Bidens nivea.
Melanthera trilobata
Cass., Dict. Sci. Nat. 29: 485 (1823). Type: Dillen, dont nous empruntons la
description, faite sur des individus vivans, cultive en Angleterre et
provenant de graines envoy es de la Caroline, remarque que cette espce fleurit
un mois plus tard que le pr cedente, et quelle paroit tre plus sensible au
froid. Note: this is based on Dilleniusê'' cultivated material grown at Eltham
and is doubtless one of the elements upon which Linneus based his Bidens nivea.
Melanthera oxylepis
DC., Prodr. 5: 545 (1836). Type: K
ad Guyaquil legit cl. Haenke. ... (v.
s. in h. Haenk.). Holotype: PR; isotype: G-DC.
Elaphantopus cuneifolius Fourn., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 30: 186 (1883). Type: Vulgaris. Cordoba, Aug. [(Vera Cruz) 1882, Kerber, 44] Holotype: ?B or CORD; isotype: GOET, K. Note: Material was distributed as part of the first half-century of plants, Plantae mexicanae a cl. Edm. Kerbero collectae, and was widely distributed with large sets of Kerbers plants in B, BM, CORD, K, etc., etc. The collection number is only the distribution number in the half-century. It is possible that the top set was in B (where he worked on his material), although now destroyed, or in CORD.
Wullfia deltoidea (Michx.) Gmez [de la Maza], Dicc. Bot. Nom. Vulg. Cub. & Puerto-Riqui os: 26 (1889).
Wullfia hastata
(Walter) Gmez [de la Maza], Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 19: 274 (1890).
Amellus asper [sic!]
(Jacq.) Kuntze [var.] a normalis
Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 305 (1891).
Amellus asper [sic!] (Jacq.) Kuntze [var.] b glabriusculus Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1:
306 (1891). Type: Colon. Wetter & Zanoni (1985: 326) cited ó'''Panama. Coln, 4 Apr 1874, Kuntze 1834. Holotype: NY; isotype: K.
Parks (1975: 194) lectotypified the name, somewhat unnecessarily, presumably
based on the same material but not citing the number of the collection.
Amellus asper [sic!](Jacq.) Kuntze [var.] g canescens Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 305 (1891). Types: Portorico: Cayey; St. Thomas.ó''' Note: Wetter & Zanoni (1985: 326) cited only Virgin Islands. St. Thomas, 28 Feb 1874, Kuntze 117. as present in NY.
Amellus asper [sic!](Jacq.)
Kuntze [var.] g
canescens Kuntze f. bicolor Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 305 (1891).
Type: Portorico: Guayama. Holotype: NY. Note: Wetter & Zanoni (1985: 326)
cited Puerto Rico. Guayama, 16
Mar 1874, Kuntze 575.
Amellus nivea (L.)
Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 305 (1891).
Melanthera buchii
Urban, Symb. Antill. 3: 411 (1903). Type: Hab. in Haiti in regione calcarea
sicca ad Bilboro, 700 m. alt., m. Majo flor.: Buch n. 364.
Melanthera carpenteri
Small, Fl. S. E. U. S.: 1251, 1340 (1903). Type: In pine thickets, Louisiana.
Summer. p. 1340 Felicinia, La., Carpenter,
July, in Herb. C. U. Holotype: NY; isotype: NO.
Melanthera lobata
Small, Fl. S. E. U. S.: 1251, 1340 (1903). Type: About lakes and ponds,
penisular Florida. Summer. p. 1340 Nash,
Pl. Cent. Penins. Fla., no. 1141, in Herb. C. U. Holotype: NY; isotypes:
GH, K, MICH, MO, UC, US.
Melanthera aspera
(Jacq.) Small, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 36: 164 (1909).
Melanthera canescens
(Kuntze) O. E. Schulz in Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 116 (1911).
Melanthera montana
O. E. Schulz in Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 121 (1911). Type: Hab. in Portorico
prope Bayamon in sylvis montanis m. Mart. fr. : Sintenis n. 1145, ex parte.
Melanthera brevifolia
O. E. Schulz in Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 123 (1911). Types: Hab. in Indian Key:
comm. Cabanis, Elliots Key in
arenosis maritimis m. Apr. fl.: Curtiss n.
1415, Marquesas Keys m. Mart. fl. et fr.: O.
E. Lansing n. 2179, Key West: Blodgett
ex Torrey and Gray; Cuba: Drummond ex
Griseb., Wright n. 3609 ex Sauv., Ramon de la Sagra, prope Mantanzas: F. Rugel n. 24, ad Ganado, Cayo Sabinal,
Camaguey m. Mart. fl. et fr.: J. A.
Shafer n. 856. Mexico prope Matanzos: Wawra
n. 74. Lectotype (selected by Parks, 1975: 194): Florida: Monroe Co.,
Elliots Key in arenosis maritimis, Curtiss
1415, US; isolectotypes: F, MISSA, NY, PA.
Melanthera crenata
O. E. Schulz in Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 123 (1911). Types: Hab. in ins.
Bahamens.: Swainson ex Griseb., New
Providence prope Nassau: ex Hitchc.,
ibidem m. Jan. fl. et fr.: J. I. et A. R.
Northrop n. 58, Eleuthera et Fortune Isl.: ex Hitchc., Hog Isl. in fruticetis m. Febr. fl. et fl.: Eggers n. 4047. Lectotype (selected by
Parks, 1975: 194): Bahamas, New Providence, J. & A. Northrop 58, NY; isolectotype: K. Isosyntype (Rugel 24): K.
Melanthera hastata (Walter) L. C. Rich. var. b cubensis O. E. Schulz in Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 125 (1911). Types: Hab. in Cuba: Wright n. 3608, prope Habana: Ramon de la Sagra n. 69, Torralbas n. 205, ibidem ad Seiba: Morales et Bosque n. 216, prov. Habana prope Vento in ripis humidis m. Jan. fl. et fr.: A. H. Curtiss n. 597, prope Santiago de las Vegas n. Apr. fl. et fr.: Baker Herb. Cub. n. 4983, prov. Sta. Clara in distr. Cienfuegos prope Sta. Rosalia ad Rio Damuji in fertilibus arenosis m. Aug. fl. et fr.: R. Combs n. 385; Portorico prope Bayamon m. Jan. fl. et fr.: Millspaugh Pl. Utow. n. 314. Lectotype (selected by Parks, 1975: 192): Cuba: prope Habana, Wright 3608, NY; isolectotype: US.
Melanthera hastata (Walter) Michx. var. g lobata (Pursh) O. E. Schulz in Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 125 (1911).
Melanthera amethystina
O. E. Schulz in Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 127 (1911). Types: Hab. in Sto.
Domingo m. Aug. fl.: Mayerhoff, in
graminosis montis Cerro Gordo ad Tamboril 500 m. alt. m. Maj. fl.: Eggers n. 1951, prope Constanza in
pinetis 1190 m. alt. m. Apr. fl. et fr.: H.
von Trckheim n. 3199b. Lectotype (selected by Parks, 1975:
192): Santo Domingo, Turckheim
3199b, NY.
Melanthera molliuscula
O. E. Schulz in Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 127 (1911). Types: Hab. in Haiti: hb.
Kunth ex mus. Par. 1820; Sto. Domingo: Schomburgk
n. 24 I, prope Constanza in pinetis 1190 m. alt. m. Jun. fl. et fr.: H. von T rckheim n. 3199. Lectotype
(selected by Parks, 1975: 192): Santo Domingo, Turckheim 3199, NY; isolectotype: K. Syntype (Schomburgk 24): K.
Melanthera oxycarpha
S. F. Blake, Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 22: 628 (1924). Type: Type in the U. S.
National Herbarium, no. 841743, collected in fields at Zacuapan, Veracruz,
Mexico, May, 1907, by C. A. Purpus (no.
2437). Holotype: US; isotypes: F, MO, UC.
Melanthera calcicola
Britton, Bot. Porto Rico 6(2): 309 (1925). Type: Thicket, limestone hill east
of Vega Alta, Porto Rico (Britton and
Brown, 6784). Holotype: NY.
Melanthera confusa Britton, Bot. Porto Rico 6(2): 309 (1925). Type: Hillsides and thickets at lower elevations, Porto Rico, Culebra; Tortola: Cuba. Type from Zion Hill, Tortola (Fishlock, 440). Holotype: NY.
Melanthera aspera
(Jacq.) Rendle in Fawcett & Rendle, Fl. Jam. 7: 232 (1936), comb. illegit.,
superfl.
Melanthera hastata
(Walter) L. C. Rich. ssp. lobata
(Pursh) Borhidi, Bot. Kzlem. 58(3): 177 (1971).
Melanthera hastata
(Walter) L. C. Rich. ssp. cubensis
(O. E. Schulz) Borhidi, Bot. K zlem. 58(3): 177 (1971).
Bahamas, Bolivia (Santa Cruz), Colombia, Cuba, Ecuador,
Greater and Lesser Antilles, Gutemala, Mexico, Panama, Peru, USA (Florida),
Venezuela.
Note: The record for Bolivia is based on Guttirez 535 from the Parque Nacional Noel Kempff Mercado, determined by H. Robinson. Wagner & Robinson (2001) recorded the species only from northern South America, the Antilles and the USA, although their species concept was extremely broad encompassing M. aspera (Jacq.) Small which was recognized as a separate species (with two varieties) by Parks (1975). The synonymy above combines the Parks two subspecies and his synonymy of M. nivea. PurshíYTí²'s references to Melanthera hastata suggest that L. C. Richard was the combining author. However, since Michaux was the declared author of the whole work then it is Michaux who should be credited with the combinations and new taxa within it. There is an interesting discussion in TL II after the entry for Flora Boreali-Americana.
Melanthera
oxycarpha S. F. Blake, Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 22: 628 (1924) = Melanthera nivea (L.) Small
Melanthera oxylepis DC., Prodr. 5: 545 (1836) = Melanthera nivea (L.) Small
Melanthera panduriformis Cass., Dict. Sci. Nat. 29: 485 (1823) = Melanthera nivea (L.) Small
Melanthera trilobata Cass., Dict. Sci.
Nat. 29: 485 (1823) = Melanthera nivea
(L.) Small
Melanthera
urticifolia Cass., Dict. Sci. Nat. 29: 484 (1823), nom. illegit. superfl. =
Melanthera nivea (L.) Small
Meratia
sprengelii Cass., Dict. Sci. Nat. 30: 66 (1824), nom. illegit. superfl., based
on D. berteri Spreng. = Delilia biflora (L.) Kuntze
Merope
aretioides (Sch.Bip.) Wedd., Chloris Andina 1: 164 (1856) = Mniodes aretioides (Sch.Bip.) Cuatrec.
Merope
argentea Wedd., Chloris Andina 1: 163 (1856) = Belloa schultzii (Wedd.) Cabrera
Merope caespititia Wedd., Chloris Andina 1: 164 (1856) = Belloa schultzii (Wedd.) Cabrera
Merope
erythractis Wedd., Chloris Andina 1: 162 (1856) = Gamochaeta erythractis (Wedd.) Cabrera
Merope
kunthiana (DC.) Wedd., Chloris Andina 1: 161 (1856) = Belloa kunthiana (DC.) Anderb. & S. E. Freire
Merope
piptolepis Wedd., Chloris Andina 1: 162 (1856) = Belloa piptolepis (Wedd.) Cabera
Merope
schultzii Wedd., Chloris Andina 1: 163 (1856) = Belloa schultzii (Wedd.) Cabrera
Merope
virescens Wedd., Chloris Andina 1: 163 (1856) = Belloa schultzii (Wedd.) Cabrera
Meyera fluctuans (Lour.) Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 3: 602 (1826) = Enydra fluctuans Lour.
Meyera guineensis Spreng., Syst. Veg. 2: 602 (1826), nom. illegit. = Enydra fluctuans Lour.
Meyera
maritima Kunth in Humb., Bonpl.
& Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. 4 (ed. folio): 211 (1818) = Enydra sessilifolia (Ruiz & Pav.) Cabrera
Meyeria
capitata (G. Mey.) Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 3: 601 (1826) = Tilesia baccata (L.f.) Pruski
Micrelium
tolak Forssk., Fl. Aegypt. Arab. : 152 (1775) = Eclipta prostrata (L.) L.
Microdonta
nana Nutt., Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., ser. 2, 7: 370 (1841) = Heterosperma nanum (Nutt.) Sherff
