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Elephantopus
L., Sp. Pl. : 814 (1753)
Elephantosis Less.,
Linnaea 4(3): 322 (1829). Type: not stated. Lectotype (selected by Gleason,
1906: 238): Elephantosis biflora
Less. = Elephantopus biflorus (Less.) Sch.Bip.
Pseudelephantopus
Rohr, Skr. Naturhist.-Selsk, Kjobenhavn 2: 213 (1792), nom. et orth. cons.
Type: Pseudelephantopus spicatus
(Juss. ex Aubl.) Rohr = Elephantopus
spicatus Juss. ex Aubl.
Distreptus Cass.,
Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris 1817: 66 (1817). Type: not stated.
Matamoria
LaLlave & Lex., Nov. Veg. Desc., fasc. 1: 8 (1824). Type: Matamoria spicata (Juss. ex Aubl.) La
Llave = Elephantopus spicatus Juss.
ex Aubl.
Spirochaeta Turcz.,
Bull. Soc. Naturalistes Moscou 24(1): 166 (1851). Type: Spirochaeta funckii Turcz. = Elephantopus
spiralis (Less.) Clonts
Orthopappus
Gleason, Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 4(14): 237 (1906). Type: Orthopappus angustifolius (Sw.) Gleason
= Elephantopus angustifolius Sw.
Chaetospira S. F.
Blake, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 25: 311 (1935). Type: Chaetospira funckii (Turcz.) S. F. Blake = Elephantopus spiralis (Less.) Clonts
Type: Elephantopus scaber L.
Reference
Clonts, J. A. (1972). A revision of the genus Elephantopus, including Orthopappus and Pseudelephantopus (Compositae).
Unpublished PhD thesis, Missouri State University.
*Elephantopus angustifolius
Sw., Prodr. : 115 (1788). Type: Sloan. h. I. 256. t. 148, f. 4. Jamaica. L. Holotype: BM-SL;
isotype: S.
Elephantopus nudiflorus
Willd., Sp. Pl. 3: 2390 (1804). Type: Habitat in St. Domingo. L Poiteau. (v. s.). Holotype: B-W (16769).
Elephantosis
quadriflora Less., Linnaea 4(3): 323 (1829). Types: Sellow misit e Bras. trop; Beyrich
legit ad latera montium pr. novo-Friburgo Jan. 1823; Schiede in collibus apricis pr. Hacienda de la Laguna Septbr. 1828.
(v.sp..).
Syntypes: B.
Distreptus crispus
Cass., Dict. Sci. Nat. 60: 601 (1830), nom. illegit. pro E. nudiflorus Willd.
Elephantosis
angustifolia (Sw.) DC., Prodr. 5: 87 (1836).
Elephantopus crispus
(Cass.) D. Dietr., Syn. Pl. 4: 1372 (1847).
Elephantopus
quadriflorus (Willd.) D. Dietr., Syn. Pl. 4: 1372 (1847).
Orthopappus
angustifolius (Sw.) Gleason, Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 4(14): 238 (1906).
Argentina, Bolivia (Ben, La Paz, Santa Cruz), Brazil,
British Honduras, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras,
Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Surinam, Uruguay, Venezuela, West Indies (Cuba,
Dominican Republic, Guadeloupe, Haiti, Jamaica, Martinique, Trinidad, St.
Vincent).
Ben : Rusby 1313 (F).
La Paz: Britton & Rusby 344 (L); O. Buchtien 785 (GH, K), O. Buchtien 5733 (GH).
Santa Cruz: Miss. W. M. A. Brooke 5808 (BM); Herzog 1307 (L); J. Steinbach 5109 (F).
Lingua-de-vaca,
Suai -au (Cabrera & Klein, 1980); Sus a
Elephantopus
crispus (Cass.) D. Dietr., Syn. Pl. 4: 1372 (1847) = Elephantopus angustifolius Sw.
Elaphantopus
cuneifolius Fourn., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 30: 186 (1883) = Melanthera nivea (L.) Small
Elephantopus
hypomalacus S. F. Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. 52: 20 (1917) = Elephantopus mollis Kunth
Elephantopus
martii, Graham, Edinburgh New Phil. J. 8: 378 (1830) = Elephantopus mollis Kunth
Elephantopus
mollis Kunth in Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 4 (ed. folio): 26
(1818). Type: Crescit in Provinciis Cuman et Caracas. K? Floret Sept. Jan.æ-' [Humboldt & Bonpland no. 627. Caracas. Quebrada de Catoche]
Holotype: P-Bonpl.
Elephantopus martii,
Graham, Edinburgh New Phil. J. 8: 378 (1830). Types: Elephantopus scaber Herb. Martii. ... Seeds of this plant were sent
to me from Mr Harris at Rio Janeiro by Captain Graham late of his Majestys
Packet Services, in April 1829. It has been kept in the stove, and flowered in
February and March last. [presumably 1830] I am enabled to identify it as the
plant of Martius, by a specimen communicated by Martius himself to Dr Hooker,
who, with his usual kindness, permitted me to examine all the species in his
herbarium. The specimen alluded to was collected by Martius on the Rio
Belmonte, too common a name to be very precise, but probably in or not far from
the province of Rio Janeiro. Syntype: Communic. Martius 1827 K [marked as 2 on the sheet against the two
parts] (although this sheet appears to have a second collection mounted on it
Antigua. Dr Nicholson). Note: it is
unknown if Graham made any specimens from the cultivated material in E.
Elephantopus sericeus
Graham, Edinburgh New Phil. J. 10: 373 (1831). Types: This species was raised
from seed sent to the Botanic Garden by Dr Krous of Dominica in 1829. It has
been added to Dr Hookers herbarium from St. Vincent and Trinidad. Note: It is
unknown if a specimen was prepared in E of the cultivated material. Only one
specimen in K, ex herb. Hookerianum, is marked as Elephantopus martii, that of Imray
370 (from Dominica), and this may well be one of the syntypes alluded to by
Graham. See also Elephantopus mollis
Kunth var. capitulatus Domin
Elephantopus serratus
Blanco, Fl. Filip. : 635 (1837). Type: Es comun en Malinta. Note: The
location of Blancos herbarium is unknown.
Elephantopus scaber L. var. tomentosus Sch.Bip., Linnaea 20: 516 (1847). Type: (or was this a combination of Linnaeus E. tomentosus?)
Elephantopus hypomalacus S. F. Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. 52: 20 (1917). Type: Costa Rica: Orotina, ca. 180 m., 29 Dec. 1915, Holway 314. Holotype: GH.
Elephantopus mollis
Kunth var. capitulatus Domin, Acta
Bot. Bohem. 9: 62 (1930). Types: I saw specimens from Isla de Pinos, Jamaica,
Tortola, Dominica (IMRAY no. 370!), St. Vincent, Grenada, and Trinidad, but
undoubtedly occurs also on several other islands. Isosyntype: Imray 370, K.
Elephantopus mollis Kunth var. bracteosus Domin, Acta Bot. Bohem. 9: 62 (1930). Type: As type specimens of this variety I regard my plants from Dominica (thickets and clearings on the Macouchere ridge, DOMIN 1926!), but I have seen this distinct form also from Porto Rico, St. Thomas, Jamaica, Martinique and Trinidad.
Elephantopus pilosus
Philip., J. Bot. 77: 314 (1939). Type: I select as the type-specimen the sheet
of Hostmann 875 in the British Museum
Herbarium. [Dutch Guiana.] Holotype: BM; isotype: K.
Widespread in the American tropics. Introduced into
tropical Africa and throughout tropical Asia.
Bolivia (La Paz, Santa Cruz).
Britton (1891) cited Mapiri, 5,000 ft. ([Rusby] 1105); Yungas, 6,000 ft. ([Rusby] 1106).
La Paz: O. Buchtien 786 (F, GH, K, NY); O Buchtien 5732 (GH); O. Buchtien, s.n., August 1907 (L).
Santa Cruz: J. Steinbach 6115 (GH).
Erva-de-colgio,
Erva-grossa, Erva-de-veado, Fumo-brabo, Fumo-da-mata, P -de-elefante, Suai ,
Suauai , Suaia, Sua u-ca, Sa ia (Cabrera & Klein, 1980); Bestuca, Lengua de vaca, Sus a, Tratan l te (Freire
et al., 2006).
Elephantopus
nudiflorus Willd., Sp. Pl. 3: 2390 (1804) = Elephantopus angustifolius Sw.
Elephantopus
palustris Gardner, London J. Bot. 5: 237 (1846). Types: Hab. In marshes near the city of
Oeiras, Province of Piauhy, (n. 2643); and in moist places between the Rio
Claro and San Rom o, in the Province of Minas Geraes, (n. 4836). Lectotype
(selected here): Gardner 4836 BM; isolectotypes: F, GH, K, NY, S.
Elephantopus vaginatus
Gardner, London J. Bot. 6: 426 (1847). Type: Hab.
Near San Domingos, Province of Goyaz. May, 1840. [Gardner] 4200. Duplicates: BM, BR, F, K, NY.
Bolivia (Santa Cruz). Brazil, Paraguay.
Note: In his unpublished thesis Clonts (1972)
lectotypified E. palustsris based
on the material in BM.
Santa Cruz: J.
Steinbach 1297, May 1915 (
Elephantopus
pilosus Philip., London J. Bot. 77: 314 (1939) = Elephantopus mollis Kunth
Elephantopus
quadriflorus (Willd.) D. Dietr., Syn. Pl. 4: 1372 (1847) = Elephantopus angustifolius Sw.
Elephantopus
scaber sensu auct. = Elephantopus
mollis Kunth. Foster (1958: 207) listed E. scaber L. most probably
through the constant misidentification of E.
mollis as the former.
Elephantopus
scaber L. var. tomentosus
Sch.Bip., Linnaea 20: 516 (1847) = Elephantopus
mollis Kunth
Elephantopus
sericeus Graham, Edinburgh New Phil. J. 10: 373 (1831) = Elephantopus mollis Kunth
Elephantopus
serratus Blanco, Fl. Filip. : 635 (1837) = Elephantopus mollis Kunth
*Elephantopus
spicatus Juss. ex Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guian. 2: 808 (1775). Type: Sloan. Hist. 1. pag. 256. tab. 150.
fig. 3. 4. Cat. 123. Note: Much material from Sloanes herbarium is now in
BM-SL, as are the original for many drawings; it is here that material should
be sought to lectotypify this name. There is apparently no herbarium material
in BM-SL.
Pseudelephantopus
spicatus (Juss. ex Aubl.) Rohr, Skr. Nat. Selsk. Kjobenhavn 2: 214 (1792).
Distreptus spicatus
(Juss. ex Aubl.) Cass., Dict. Sci. Nat. 13: 367 (1819).
Matamoria spicata
(Juss. ex Aubl.) La Llave & Lex., Nov. Veg. Descr. 1: 8 (1824).
Introduced into Africa (Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone,
Zanzibar), Asia (China, Malaya), Australia, Pacific Islands (Fiji, Hawaii,
Guam, Philippines). Bolivia (La Paz), British Honduras, Chile, Colombia, Costa
Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama,
Venezuela, West Indies (Barbados, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Grenada,
Guadeloupe, Haiti, Jamaica, Martinique, Montserrat, Puerto Rico, St. Croix, St.
Lucia, St. Vincent, Virgin Islands).
Britton (1891) cited Mapiri, 5,000 ft. ([Rusby] 1109).
Elephantopus
spiralis (Less.) Clonts, N. Amer. Fl., ser. 2, 10: 198 (1978).
Distreptus spiralis
Less., Linnaea 6: 690 (1831). Type: In. Jamaica lectum vidi specimen in
Herbario Thunbergiano. Holotype: ?
Spirochaeta funckii
Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 24(1): 167 (1851). Types: Habitat
in Columbia prope Laguayra. Funck
coll. n. 358 et Galeotti herb. n.
380. Syntypes: ?KW; isosyntype: (Funck
358), K.
Chaetospira funckii
(Turcz.) S. F. Blake, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 76: 301 (1938).
Pseudo-elephantopus
funckii (Turcz.) Philip., J. Bot., London 76: 301 (1938).
Chaetospira spiralis
(Less.) Asplund & S. F. Blake, Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 52(1): 50 (1958).
Pseudelephantopus
spiralis (Less.) Cronquist, Madroo 20: 255 (1970).
Argentina, Bolivia (La Paz, Santa Cruz), Brazil,
Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela, West Indies (St. Lucia, St.
Vincent, Tobago)
*Elephantopus tomentosus L., Sp. Pl. : 814
(1753), sensu Foster (1958) Note: Although listed by Foster (1958), this
species is restricted to North America following Clonts (1972). Fosters
concept is undoubtedly based on Fries (1906: 6) record in which he cited E. scaber L. var. tomentosus (L.) Sch.Bip. in synonymy of E. tomentosus] = Elephantopus
mollis Kunth
Elephantopus
vaginatus Gardner, London J. Bot. 6: 426 (1847) = ñ-' Elephantopus
palustris Gardner
Elephantosis
angustifolia (Sw.) DC., Prodr. 5: 87 (1836) = Elephantopus angustifolius Sw.
