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Culcitium Humb. & Bonpl., Pl. Aequinoct. 2: 1 (1808).
Senecio sect. Culcitium (Humb. & Bonpl.) Cuatrec.,
Fieldiana, Bot. 27(1): 50 (1950).
Type: not stated. Lectotype (selected by Cuatrecasas, 1951: 73): Senecio canescens (Humb. & Bonpl.) Cuatrec. = Culcitium canescens Humb. & Bonpl. Note: Culcitium rufescens Humb. & Bonpl. is cited as the type in Index Nominum Genericorum which suggested lectotypification, although the source is not indicated. Cabrera (1985: 112) simply cited C. rufescens as the type of the series under Senecio. Cuatrecasas (1951: 73) in transferring all species of Culcitium to Senecio Sect. Culcitium, noted Senecio canescens (Humb. & Bonpl.) Cuatrec. as the type of the section, with C. rufescens as a synonym of C. rufescens, which is reflected below; this is taken as the lectotypification of Culcitium.
Note: Rather than recognize Culcitium
as a separate genus, merely as an altitudinal variant of more typical Senecio, Culcitium, Aetheolaena
and Lasiocephalus have been
considered by some authors best subsumed into Senecio sens. lat. (q.v. Pelser et al., 2007: 1098). This ignores
the admitted usefullness of distribution, habit, corolla pigment, involucre,
etc. in maintaining their recognition as separate genera. The inclusion of C. humile DC. is still doubtfull,
especially with the rather variable leaves see comments below. Species such
as C. humile might also key out to Senecio in the generic key to the
Senecioneae, merely because of the less than woolly indumentum.
References
Cuatrecasas, J. (1950). The genus Culcitium H. et B. In: Studies on Andean Compositae I. Fieldiana, Bot. 27(1): 4051.
Cuatrecasas, J. (1951). Some Andean sections of the
genus Senecio. In Studies on Andean
Compositae II. Fieldiana, Bot. 27(2): 7074.
Note: Senecio comosus
Sch.Bip. is excluded from Culcitium
because it has radiate capitula. Senecio
culcitioides Sch.Bip., later transferred by Cabrera (1985: 116) as S. comosus Sch.Bip. var. culcitioides (Sch.Bip.) Cabrera needs
further investigation, especially to determine if it is conspecific with S. comosus, as suggested by Cabrera.
Culcitium
albifolium Zoellner, Anales Mus. Hist. Nat. Valparaiso 3: 65 (1970). Type:
Chile, Prov. de Tarapac, Depto. Arica en Portezuelo de Chapiqui a, a 4.500 m.
de altura s. n. m.. Leg. Otto Zoellner Sch.,
21 Enero 1969. Holotype: L.
Senecio zoellneri Martic.
& Quezada, Bol. Soc. Biol. Concepcin 48: 102 (1974), nom. nov. pro Culcitium albiflorum Zoellneri
Bolivia (La Paz), Chile.
Culcitium
boyacense Cuatrec., Caldasia 1: 5 (1940) = Culcitium canescens Humb. & Bonpl.
Culcitium
canescens Humb. & Bonpl., Pl. Aeqin. 2: 4, t. 67 (1808/9). Type:
Habitat in montosis Peruviae frigidis, frequens praesertim in monte
Gualgayaoc. Holotype: P-Bonpl.
*Senecio canescens (Humb. & Bonpl.) Cuatrec., Fieldiana, Bot. 27(1): (1950).
Culcitium canescens Humb. & Bonpl. var. b monocephalum Wedd., Chloris Andina 1: 138 (1856). Types: ó'''C. nivale Schultz Bip., in Bonplandia, ann. 1856, p. 55, non H.B.K. Andes de Carabaya, prs de S. Antonio! h. 5000 m tr. (Lechler, exsicc., n. 1806); Cordillres de Guanaco (Haenke, dapr s DC.). Syntypes: P.
Culcitium boyacense
Cuatrec., Caldasia 1(1): 5 (1940). Type: [Colombia:] Cordillera Oriental,
Departamento de Boyac; Sierra Nevada del Cocuy, o de G icn, Quebrada de San
Paulino, El Morr n, pramo 3800 m. alt., J.
Cuatrecasas & H. Garc a Barriga, 11 sept. 1938 legerunt (no
1372). Holotype:
Senecio boyacensis (Cuatrec.) Cuatrec., Fieldiana, Bot. 27(1): 43 (1950).
Senecio canescens (Humb. & Bonpl.) Cuatrec. var. boyacensis (Cuatrec.) Cuatrec., Fieldiana, Bot. 27(2): 36 (1951).
Senecio canescens (Humb. & Bonpl.) Cuatrec. var. macrocephalus Cuatrec., Fieldiana, Bot. 27(2): 36 (1951). Type: Colombia, Dept. Caldas, Nevado de Santa Isabel arenales 4420 m. alt., collect. J. Cuatrecasas 23208. Holotype: F.
Senecio canescens (Humb. & Bonpl.) Cuatrec. var. elongatus Cuatrec., Fieldiana, Bot. 27(2): 37 (1951). Type: Ecuador, Carchi: Pramo del Angel, 3300-3800 m. alt., collect. Acosta-Sol s 10562. Holotype: F.
Senecio canescens (Humb. & Bonpl.) Cuatrec. var. elongatus Cuatrec. f. magnificus Cuatrec., Fieldiana, Bot. 27(2): 37 (1951). Type: Ecuador, Carchi, Pramo del Angel 12,000 ft., collect. Edward Balls 7337. Holotype: US.
Senecio canescens
(Humb. & Bonpl.) Cuatrec. var. ecuadoriensis
Cuatrec., Fieldiana, Bot. 27(2): 37 (1951). Types: á''Ecuador, Monte Pichincha
near Quito 4100-4500 m., collect. Hitchcock
21059 (US, NY).
*Senecio canescens
(Humb. & Bonpl.) Cuatrec. var. monocephalus
(Wedd.) Cuatrec., Fieldiana, Bot. 27(2): 37 (1951).
Bolivia (La Paz, Oruro), Colombia, Ecuador, Peru.
Note: Cuatrecasas (1951: 3637) suggested that there were
few differences separating Culcitium
canescens and C. rufescens Humb.
& Bonpl. combining their synonymy and adding several new geographical
varieties from Colombia and Ecuador. If C.
rufescens is found to be the lectotype of Culcitium then appropriate changes will have to be made with the
synonymy listed above.
Culcitium canescens Humb. & Bonpl. var. b monocephalum Wedd., Chloris Andina 1: 138 (1856) = Culcitium canescens Humb. & Bonpl.
Culcitium
glaciale Meyen & Walp., Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur.
19, Suppl. 1: 278 (1843) = Culcitium
humile DC.
Culcitium humile
DC., Prodr. 6: 325 (1838). Type: K
inter Regiomontanas plantas herb. Haenkeani observ. ... (v.s. in h. Haenke
cl. de Sternberg miss.) Holotype: PR; isotype: G-DC. Note: Cabrera (1985: 113)
cited the holotype as in M, with an isotype in P!
Culcitium glaciale Meyen & Walp., Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 19, Suppl. 1: 278 (1843). Type: Ò'Peruvia: in planitie circa Tacoram, alt. 1417,000 ped. (v.s.). Holotype: B.
*Senecio modestus Wedd., Chloris Andina
1: 105 (1856). Types: Hab. Prou:
Cordill res de Carabaya!, prs de la limite inf rieure des neiges, sur les
rochers humides (Wedd.). Bolivie: au sommet de la Cordillre de
La Paz! (dOrbigny, no.
335).è'' Syntypes: P. Lectotype (selected by Cabrera, 1985: 114): dOrbigny 355, P.
Senecio candollii
Wedd., Chloris Andina 1: 106 (1856). Type: Hab. Perou? (Haenke).
Holotype: ?P; isotype: ?PR.
Senecio mandonianus
Wedd., Chloris Andina 1: 228 (1857). Type: Hab. Bolivie!: Cordillres du d partement de La Paz (Mandon). [Cited as Bolivia. Prov.
Larecaja, Vicin. Sorata, leg. Mandon 109,
1857 by Cabrera (1985: 113)]. Holotype: P; isotypes: G, K, LP, S, US. Note:
The Kew sheet of Mandon 109 has two
specimens of Chersodoma antennaria (Wedd.)
Cabrera mixed in with the Culcitium.
Senecio anacephalus
Griseb., Abh. Knigl. Ges. Wiss. G ttingen 24(1): 208 (1879). Type: [Argentina]
S.: Nevado desl Castillo, alt. 1015000'. [Lorentz & Hieronymus 91] Holotype: GOET; isotypes: CORD, LP.
Senecio glacialis
(Mey. & Walp.) Cuatrec., Fieldiana, Bot. 27: 46 (1950).
Senecio modestus
Wedd. var. candollii (Wedd.) H.
Beltrn & Gal n de Mera, Bot. Complutensis 21: 104 (1996)
Argentina, Bolivia (Cochabamba, La Paz, Oruro, Potos), Peru.
Note: Usually treated as Senecio
candollii Wedd. (e.g. Cabrera, 1985: 112), or with S. modestus Wedd. as a separate species, combined, under Culcitium, the earliest specific name is
Culcitium humile DC. I very much
doubt that this species should be kept in Culcitium
since the leaves are at best pseudopetiolate with an elliptic lamina, and in
some extreme cases, in Peruvian material (Tupayachi
6387), have very coarsely serrate, almost lobed, margins; the involucres have
at best biseriate phyllaries with many calycular bracts. In the key to series
of Senecio below (modified from
Cabrera, 1985), material would most likely key to Ser. Crassicephali, although the indumentum is clearly different.
Culcitium
lechleri Sch.Bip., Bonplandia 4(4): 55 (1856), nom. nud. = Chersodoma antennaria (Wedd.) Cabrera
*Culcitium neaei
Sch.Bip. ex Wedd., Chloris Andina 1 :140 (1856). Type: Culcitium Neaei Schultz Bip., mscr. in herb. propr. íYTí±- C. nivale,
Neaei DC., Prodr., VI, 325. Hab. Prou: Cordill res de Guanoco (Haenke).
Culcitium nivale
Kunth [var.] b?
neaei DC., Prodr. 6: 325 (1838).
Type: K in itin, per,
Americ. legit cl. Ne. ... (v.s.)
Holotype: G-DC.
Senecio neeanus
Cuatrec., Fieldiana, Bot. 27(1): 44 (1950), as nom. nov. pro Culcitium neaei Sch.Bip. ex Wedd.
Bolivia (é''Cerro Jurackasa, altovalle de Viloco), Peru.
*?Culcitium nivale Kunth in Humb., Bonpl.
& Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 4 (ed. folio): 134 (1818). Type: Crescit inter
nives in monte ignivomo Antisan qua parte Chussulongum spectat, alt. 2340 hex.
K Floret Martio. [Humboldt & Bonpland æ''mss. n. 2249.]
Holotype: P-Bonpl. Note: Foster (1958: 207) included this species for Bolivia,
based on Cabreras record (1952: 197) for Herzog
2230, now considered to be Culcitium
neaei, cf. Cabrera (1985: 115). Culcitium
nivale is only known from Ecuador.
Culcitium
nivale Kunth var. neaei DC.,
Prodr. 6: 325 (1838) = Culcitium neaei
(DC.) Sch.Bip. ex Wedd.
Culcitium pflanzii
Perkins, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 49: 229 (1913) = Senecio pflanzii (Perkins) Cuatrec.
Culcitium serratifolium Meyen & Walp., Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 19, Suppl. 1: 278 (1843) = Senecio serratifolius (Meyen & Walp.) Cuatrec.
Cyanopis Blume ex
DC., Prodr. 5: 69 (1836), nom. illegit. superfl. non Cass. (1817) = Vernonia Schreb.
