Building materials

Plants provide all manner of materials used in construction. These range from timbers and rattans to resins and waxes used in paints and other products. Without plants we would not be able to build ourselves shelter and homes.

Collecting clubrush for thatch
Collecting clubrush for thatch roofing in the UK (Image: RBG Kew)

Timber resources are under threat in many countries and some species such as mahogany (Swietenia species) are threatened with extinction due to over-exploitation. Seeds of Penta parvifolia were collected by Millennium Seed Bank partners in Kenya in 2005. It is recognised by the Vidunda people in Tanzania as a timber useful for roof construction and other building work involving poles.

Rattans (climbing palms) are used in all kinds of products from building shelters to cane furniture, mats, fish traps, baskets and medicines.

Explore our building materials species profiles

Acacia anegadensis
poke-me-boy

Acacia senegal
gum arabic

Betula pendula
silver birch

Castanea sativa
sweet chestnut

Guibourtia ehie
black hyedua

Hevea brasiliensis
rubber tree

Kigelia africana
sausage tree

Pterocarpus lucens
small-leaved bloodwood