Salvia africana-lutea (beach salvia)
Beach salvia is a spreading shrub with rounded, greyish leaves and unusual orange-brown flowers.
Species Information
- Scientific Name: Salvia africana-lutea L.
- Common name(s): beach salvia, dune salvia, golden salvia
- Synonym(s): Salvia aurea L., Salvia lutea L., Salvia colorata L., Crolocos aurea (L.) Raf., Salvia eckloniana Benth.
- Conservation Status: Least Concern (LC) according to Red List of South African Plants 2009, following IUCN Red List criteria.
- Habitat: Dry hillsides, coastal sand dunes and fynbos near the sea.
- Key Uses: Ornamental, medicinal.
- Known hazards: None known.
Taxonomy
- Class: Equisetopsida
- Subclass: Magnoliidae
- Superorder: Asteranae
- Order: Lamiales
- Family: Lamiaceae
- Genus: Salvia
About this species
Salvia africana-lutea is native to the Cape region of South Africa, an area noted for its exceptionally rich flora and high levels of endemism (species unique to a particular area, region or country).
This species was known by 1731 to Philip Miller, Superintendent at the Chelsea Physic Garden, and was described and named by Linnaeus in Species Plantarum (1753).
Sydenham Edwards illustrated it under the name Salvia aurea in Curtis’s Botanical Magazine in 1792. In the accompanying text William Curtis described it as ‘a hardy greenhouse plant’, adding that ‘such as are delighted with the singular rather than the beautiful appearances of plants, cannot fail of ranking the present species of sage among their favourites.’
Some may consider the rusty-coloured, hooded flowers strange rather than attractive, but this is true of a number of members of the sage family. The related species, Salvia africana-caerulea, has pale blue flowers.
Geography & Distribution
Salvia africana-lutea is native to South Africa, occurring from the southern and eastern Cape to Namaqualand.
Description
Salvia africana-lutea is a spreading shrub, with stems reaching 2 m. Its leaves are rounded, downy, greyish-green and aromatic. The hooded flowers, which appear from June to December, open bright yellow and then fade to rusty orange-brown. The flowers are held in short sprays (10 cm long). The papery calyces remain on the plant after flowering.
The flowers are nectar-rich and attractive to bees, moths and sunbirds.
Illustration from Curtis's Botanical Magazine
Hand-coloured engraving of Salvia africana-lutea (as Salvia aurea) by Sydenham Edwards (1792) taken from Curtis’s Botanical Magazine (Image: RBG Kew)
Curtis’s Botanical Magazine (Editor: Martyn Rix) provides an international forum of particular interest to botanists and horticulturists, plant ecologists and those with a special interest in botanical illustration.
Now well over two hundred years old, the Magazine is the longest running botanical periodical featuring colour illustrations of plants. Each four-part volume contains 24 plant portraits reproduced from watercolour originals by leading international botanical artists. Detailed but accessible articles combine horticultural and botanical information, history, conservation and economic uses of the plants described.
Published for the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew by Wiley-Blackwell Publishing.
See the Wiley-Blackwell Subscription Information page for rates (for both print and online).
Threats & Conservation
There are some reports of this species being over-collected from the wild for medicinal use. As a result, research is underway to develop micropropagation techniques enabling the production of large numbers of cultivated plants (several thousands from a single shoot) so that wild populations can be conserved.
Uses
Salvia africana-lutea is grown as an ornamental. The aromatic leaves are used to make a tea for treating coughs, colds and bronchitis. They are also added to potpourri mixtures.
Cultivation at Kew since 1789
This species has been cultivated at Kew since 1789, and is mentioned by William Aiton in Hortus Kewensis (a catalogue of the plants in cultivation at Kew).
This species at Kew
Salvia africana-lutea is growing in the Director’s Garden.
Kew’s Economic Botany Collection includes samples of the leaves and stem of Salvia africana-lutea that are available to researchers from around the world, by appointment.
References and credits
Codd, L. E. (1985). Lamiaceae, In: Flora of Southern Africa Volume 28(4), ed. O. A. Leistner. Botanical Research Institute, Department of Agriculture and Water Supply, South Africa.
Curtis, J. (1792). Salvia aurea (golden sage). Curtis’s Botanical Magazine t.182.
Goldblatt, P. & Manning, J. (2000). Cape Plants. A Conspectus of the Cape Flora of South Africa. National Botanical Institute, Cape Town/Missouri Botanical Garden, St Louis.
Makunga, N. P. & van Staden, J. (2008). An efficient system for the production of clonal plantlets of the medicinally important aromatic plant: Salvia africana-lutea L. Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture 92: 63-72.
Phillips, R. & Rix, M. (1991). Conservatory and Indoor Plants. Vol. 2. Pan Books, London.
Raimondo, D. et al. (2009). Red List of South African Plants 2009. Strelitzia 25. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria.
The Plant List (2010). Salvia africana-lutea. http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/kew-181908 (accessed 24 July 2011).
World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2010). Salvia africana-lutea. The Board of Trustees of the http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=181908 (accessed 24 July 2011).
Kew Science Editor: Martyn Rix
Kew contributors: Gemma Bramley and Steve Davis (Sustainable Uses Group)
Copyediting: Malin Rivers
While every effort has been taken to ensure that the information contained in these pages is reliable and complete, the notes on hazards, edibility and suchlike included here are recorded information and do not constitute recommendations. No responsibility will be taken for readers’ own actions. Full website terms and conditions.
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Taraxacum officinale
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The bitter root can be dried to make a substitute for coffee, a practice that was common during the rationing of the Second World War.
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