Eucalyptus sweedmaniana (Sweedman's mallee)
Sweedman's mallee is a knee-high rare eucalypt of horticultural merit recently discovered on the burnt coastal slopes of the Mount Arid granite inselberg in SW Australia.
Species Information
- Scientific Name: Eucalyptus sweedmaniana Hopper & McQuoid
- Common name(s): Sweedman's mallee
- Conservation Status: Using IUCNcriteria the species would be categorised as ‘Data Deficient’ whereas the Western Australian Department of Environment and Conservation conservation codes would place it in the Priority 1 category, which is defined as poorly known taxa which are known from one or a few (generally fewer than 5) populations which are under threat, either due to small population size, or being on lands under immediate threat. Such taxa are under consideration for declaration as legally protected ‘rare flora’, but are in urgent need of further survey.
- Habitat: Coastal heath on calcareous and acidic sands.
- Known hazards: None.
Taxonomy
- Class: Equisetopsida
- Subclass: Magnoliidae
- Superorder: Rosanae
- Order: Myrtales
- Family: Myrtaceae
- Genus: Eucalyptus
About this species
To many British gardeners the Eucalyptus is a fast-growing monster; casting shade and debris… usually in the neighbour’s garden. In Australia, however, the 900+ species of eucalypts are integral to the landscape and culture and come in all shapes and sizes. Eucalyptus sweedmaniana is a dwarf in comparison to most species, forming a low-growing mallee (shrub) around one metre high. It survives the bush fires that are common in the area by dying back to a woody underground rootstock, known as a lignotuber, from which it can re-sprout later. The species was discovered in southwest Australia in 2006 by the Director of Kew, Professor Stephen Hopper and his colleague Luke Sweedman, Curator of the Western Australian Seed Technology Centre, after whom the species is named.
Geography & Distribution
Confined to the lower coastal slopes of the Mount Arid granitic massif, which projects into the Southern Ocean as a prominent peninsula east of Esperance, southwest Western Australia.
Description
Eucalyptus sweedmaniana on Mt Arid (Image: Luke Sweedman)
Eucalyptus sweedmaniana is a sprawling to prostrate mallee (shrub) up to 1 m high and 5 m wide. The root crown has a starchy swelling known as a lignotuber, and this allows the plant to survive fire and to re-sprout when conditions are favourable again. The bark is silver-grey, smooth and shiny when fresh. Mature leaves are green, glossy, broad-lanceolate, robust and angular and average 20 cm in length and 5.3 cm in width, with prominent venation and scattered intersectional oil glands.
The inflorescences are axillary and unbranched, comprising shortly-winged and down-curved flowering stems bearing single flowers. Flower stalks are absent. The buds are red, pendulous and square in cross section, cuboid to shortly oblong, tapering towards the base, very slightly ribbed and very prominently winged. The stamens are 8 to 10 mm long and pink with a broadly pyramidal, red operculum (a cap that protects the stamens in the bud). Staminodes (sterile stamens) are present. The fruits average 3.6 cm long and 3.4 cm wide, are square in cross-section, cuboid to shortly oblong and very prominently winged. There are four enclosed valves. Seeds are dark grey, 4 to 5 mm x 3 to 4 mm x 1.5 mm, and flanged.
Threats & Conservation
The single known population of Eucalyptus sweedmaniana is in Cape Arid National Park and is therefore not currently under threat from loss of habitat. However, inappropriate fire management regimes involving frequent autumn burns may threaten survival of the population. Some mallees in New South Wales successfully re-sprout after summer fires but have shown up to 90% mortality after annual autumn burns.
Uses
No uses are known for this species.
Millennium Seed Bank: Seed storage
Kew's Millennium Seed Bank partnership aims to save plant life world wide, focusing on plants under threat and those of most use in the future. Seeds are dried, packaged and stored at a sub-zero temperature in our seed bank vault.
Description of seeds: Dark grey, 4-5 mm x 3-4 mm x 1.5 mm, flanged.
Number of seed collections stored in the Millennium Seed Bank: One collection of 963 seeds from Mount Arid, Western Australia.
Cultivation
Eucalyptus sweedmaniana is established in Kings Park and Botanic Garden, Perth, Western Australia as an ornamental. Once seeds are available from these recently planted stocks, the species will be available more widely for horticultural use.
Sweedman's mallee at Kew
An isotype (preserved reference specimen) is located in Kew’s Herbarium (one of the behind-the-scenes areas of Kew), where it is made available to bona fide researchers by appointment.
The discovery of Sweedman's mallee
Eucalyptus sweedmaniana was discovered in 2006 on the burnt coastal slopes of the Mount Arid granite inselberg in SW Australia. The Director of Kew, Professor Stephen Hopper, and Luke Sweedman, the Curator of the Western Australian Seed Technology Centre in Kings Park and Botanic Garden, Perth, were exploring this remote area in search of previously unrecorded species of flowering plants, especially those that appear briefly only after summer wildfire. The new eucalypt is sister to the widely planted ornamental four-winged mallee (Eucalyptus tetraptera), sharing with it large often red-pink flowers and fruits, and large long-lived leaves. Professor Hopper and colleagues have named more than 100 new eucalypts from the Southwest Australian Floristic Region over the past three decades, ranging from tall forest trees to knee-high shrubs like E. sweedmaniana.
References & Credits
Hopper, S.D. & McQuoid, N.K. (2009). Two new rare species and a new hybrid in Eucalyptus series Tetrapterae (Myrtaceae) from southern coastal Western Australia. Australian Systematic Botany 22: 180-192.
Kew Science Editor: Stephen Hopper
Kew contributors: Rhian Smith
Copy editing: Emma Tredwell
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Fact Box
Acacia senegal
gum arabic
Gum arabic has been used for at least 4,000 years in the preparation of food, in human and veterinary medicine, in crafts and as a cosmetic.
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