GIS team blog

Day 4 - 22nd March

We were woken this morning by the loudly insistent call to prayer from loudspeakers installed in the courtyard of the compound where we've stayed. I'm feeling a lot better today after a bit of unsettled tum. Aaron emerged looking rather pale and skipped the breakfast we took at the local cafe. Today we headed into the mountainous forests in the Shako area. The forests around here are managed but still diverse. It was a steep climb away from the road and exhausting in the dry heat of the morning. We climbed fairly high and made some plot surveys. The coffee plants were sparse in this area and had already finished their flowering. After the survey we enjoyed a tranquil moment's rest as we sat listening to the sounds of the forest - the chirp of insects and the calls of birds and monkeys. Curiously, there are aspects of this forest that remind me of a British woodland on a hot, hot July day; brambles that catch and tear as we struggle through the undergrowth; the fiery sting of nettles; and a familiar mustiness of mossy bark, dead leaves and warm earth.

Steeply sloping Afromontane forest (Image: Paul Little)

Back to the car again and our colleague, Dr Tadesse, diverts us to a local village to try some of the rich, dark honey made in the forest and for which this region is famous. The locals stare curiously at us as Dr Tadesse barters for the honey and we cannot help but look about us with equal fascination. The locals still depend heavily on the forest and it is with some surprise that I note the smartly dressed fellow standing nearby in a shirt and waistcoat is carrying not a walking stick, but a spear!

Dr Tadesse tries the region’s famous dark forest honey (Image: Paul Little)

We go on to the next town where we pause again to meet one of Dr Tadesse's contacts. Everyone's exhausted and, with Aaron unwell, it's decided to halt here rather than press on to Bonga. We enjoy a glass of mango juice with lime and it's sooo good! Like no other fruit smoothie I've ever tasted! Jenny and I indulge in another. The hotel we've stopped at is luxurious with running water, electricity and (oh joy!) hot showers. One really comes to appreciate things taken for granted at home. We have the afternoon free now and I use it as an opportunity to do some bathroom laundry. It's as well that we stopped, for out of nowhere comes a sudden storm with lightning and heavy rain. I was glad to be under a hot shower rather than out in such an African squall! However, I'm sure there'll be plenty more opportunities to experience the local weather...

Day 5 - 23rd March

We sit outside for breakfast and enjoy the variety of birds to be seen. Sunbird, hadada ibis, common bulbul, as well as scavenging kites and a vulture. We leave the CoffeeLand Hotel in Bonga at 8am. We cross the Gojeb river which divides the regions of Kafa and Jimma. The area consists of moist Afromontane mosaic shading into farmland and humid savanna woodland. We stop to survey a plot in Belete forest where we find a fallen coffee tree with one remaining coffee cherry.

A solitary cherry of Coffea arabica (Image: Paul Little)

Later we find a splendid specimen in its typical habitat, so I take some time to get good pictures. All in all, however, the wild coffee trees are pretty sparse here. We are followed by a local woodsman who carries with him an axe fashioned from a steel blade fastened to a roughly polished handle, which still has the shape of the tree branch it was made from. He helps lead us to the coffee trees and a small neat plantation within the forest. Back in Jimma again and we return to our previous hotel. My room on the third floor overlooks a construction site. Concrete pillars jut skyward and, on hearing a plaintive cry, I glance up to find two kites levelly regarding me. These magnificent creatures are a nuisance here, like pigeons and crows. It's our mess that draws them.

Day 6 - 24th March

Today is a road day. We travel by road to Awasa (Hawassa). I was up by dawn and took some footage from the balcony of the sunrise and some morning activity. Jenny is keen to see hippos so we make a short diversion to a pool where they are reported to be active. Clearly the hippos had seen us coming for by the time we arrived they had all snuck away and hidden behind trees and bushes. We traverse the highlands before descending steeply into a hot river valley. I settle on a technique for shooting out of the car window without conspicuously rubber-necking like a demented tourist. I set the lens to mid aperture, shutter to 1000/s, and leave the lens focused at its hyperfocal distance. Resting the camera levelly on my arm I watch the world fly by and just press the button when passing something happening. The whole day is spent on the road. The hour before sunset is called the golden hour and it happens just as we drop down from the highlands and into the Ethiopian Rift Valley. The landscape is bathed in the richest golden light I have seen. The people by the road are radiant and I can't help but snatch dozens of pictures as we drive along.

So many moments of everyday life beg to be captured as we pass by... (Image: Paul Little)

In the approaching dusk we see a huge African storm sweep down the valley; a giant mushroom standing on its column of water, flashes of electrical discharge flickering through the cloud. The light quickly fades and now we pay the penalty of the roadworks and diversions. Ethiopian roads are best avoided after dark. We still have an hour and a half to our destination. Even the best tarmaced roads are fraught with hazards. There are no pavements and people and mule carts don't carry lights. Faced with the dazzling headlights of oncoming traffic our driver has little more than intuition, a quick flick of full beam and toot of horn to ensure our side of the road is clear. More than once a cartful of faces beam happily back at our headlights as I involuntarily stretch for a brake pedal.

Day 7 - 25th March

We are in the town of Awasa by Lake Awasa. We had stayed in a smart hotel following the long journey of the day before. Running water and a relished hot shower. On the way to the next survey locality we stop into one of the smart hotel resorts in order to see the lake shore. We are approaching the easternmost leg of the expedition and we film a little dialogue here. The lake teems with different species of birds and as I take pictures from the shore I look down to see a palm-sized rock bobbing in the water. The pumice comes from the volcanic floor of the rift valley.

A fisherman on Lake Awasa punts his Tankwa, a papyrus reed boat (Image: Paul Little)

We head south along the highway towards the Kenyan border and pass trees laden with huge black birds. The marabou storks glare coldly down as we pass beneath. Dr Tadesse points out a plush compound, Villa Alpha, former home of the late, renowned African artist Afewerk Tekle.

We stop in Dilla for lunch. We film ourselves trying the region's distinctive Yirga Chefe coffee. Another potent brew, slightly caramel with fruity, citric notes, and a creeping lockjaw finish. A young lad taps at the window until we relent and buy a bunch of ripe bananas for an extortionate 10 bir. They're half the size of Tesco's but twice the flavour. We pass through Dilla and along a highland ridge to Yirga Chefe. This east side of the rift valley is influenced by a different weather system to Yayu and Jimma. Here the weather originates in the Indian Ocean and, perhaps as a consequence, the coffee plants here look significantly different to those we saw before, with noticeably smaller flowers and thicker, firmer leaves. As we climb the ridge we drive through a small town whose dusty roads lined with wooden houses look not unlike an old Wild West town. The children here are particularly delighted to see us ferengi and fling themselves alarmingly at our hurtling 4x4 waving frantically and shouting, "YoiYoiYoi!"

Back at the hotel, as we settle to sleep, a storm breaks over the town and after an hour or so the streets are awash. By morning it's as though nothing had happened. The deep roadside storm drains serve their purpose well.

- Paul -

Day 1 - 19th March

Late start due to prolonged and random breakfast and we hit rush hour as a consequence. We pick up our driver and leave Addis heading for Jimma. As we make our way further from the city, the tin-roofed shacks give way to more traditional thatched and mud-walled huts. Saw my first wild baboons by the road near Welkite. There was a distinct temperature difference as we descended from the cool heights to the dry valleys. As the day wore on, we entered hilly terrain dissected with numerous valleys and dry river beds. Among the valley trees of the plains, numerous nests of the weaver bird dangled and danced like grassy Christmas baubles. The valleys were comparatively lush and lined with trees: acacia, eucalyptus, figs, palm and false banana (Ensete ventricosum). We stopped for lunch in Seka, at a cafe where I enjoyed my first taste of strong Ethiopian coffee - thick and black as pitch. I've been learning my coffee descriptives: this one had been thoroughly brewed and was smokey and nutty with citrus notes, finishing on a blend of palpitations, shakes and mild seizure.

An Ethiopian Jebana (coffee pot) is heated against charcoal and frequently topped up (Image: Paul Little)

Day 2 - 20th March

Awoke at sunrise to find it still puzzlingly dark, the reason revealing itself with flashes of lightning and a crescendo of rain on the hotel's metal roof. Skipping breakfast we hastily bundle into our truck and set out for Yayu. We soon find ourselves travelling though coffee plantations which are remarkably biodiverse, with many species growing under the shade of various native trees.

Ethiopian coffee plantations can be remarkably biodiverse, many species growing under the shade of various native trees (Image: Paul Little)

The forest was occasionally punctuated by shiny, corrugated metal processing stations. Already people are going about their business. A boy does press-ups over a ditch as monkeys gaze down from their tree. We pass a long procession of children clutching their books on their way to school. So many little scenarios flash past before I can even raise a camera. I sit back and soak it all in. By 8am we've ascended to over 2000 m above sea level, beyond the range of coffee. This all accords pleasingly with the satellite data our GIS specialist Jenny has brought along. At last, in Bedele, we pause for breakfast. The others opted for scrambled egg but I venture the local option. It's a delicious mix of beans and spicy sauce with scrambled egg. It's scooped up with torn-off chunks of bread, a tricky challenge when it's polite to only use one's right hand. We find a roadside cafe where we stop for coffee.

A characteristic coffee processing station, constructed from corrugated metal (Image: Paul Little)

Day 3 - 21st March

We stop at a gleaming, corrugated metal compound inside which is a coffee processing plant. The overseer knows our partner, Dr Tadesse, and is very obliging in showing us about the facility. He goes to great efforts in starting up the coffee mill so that I am able to film the milling process. The milling machine is a huge, roaring mechanism of spinning belts and wheels and not a safety rail to be seen. I clamber over it as I try to record the various stages of the process, intensely aware of my dangling camera strap. I film the coffee beans going in, through and out of the fearsome contraption.

"The coffee milling machine is a huge roaring mechanism of spinning belts and wheels..." (Image: Paul Little)

The young lads operating it take great delight in demonstrating how they can haul a sack of close on 70 kg onto their backs and carry it to the store. Outside on the veranda some 30 or so women patiently pick through the beans, discarding any bad ones. They giggle and turn away whenever I point my camera towards them. Out in the yard three youths shuffle back and forth through an expanse of beans, turning them with their feet to dry in the sun. They walk together with their arms over each others' shoulders like old friends sharing confidences. This is something I see quite often on the street here. Men happily strolling along hand-in-hand or arm-in-arm in a way we British would interpret as decidedly romantic! Not so. Merely a rather sweet Ethiopian expression of friendship.

"Three youths shuffle back and forth through an expanse of beans, turning them with their feet to dry in the sun.." (Image: Paul Little)

We travelled for 30 km or so before pulling over for a brief survey of the local coffee plants, and found ourselves in some wonderful managed, moist, afro-montaine forest. Our first discovery was a magnificent false banana (Ensete ventricosum) about 5 years old and 5 metres high.

A magnificent false banana (Image: Paul Little)

Then a mighty old buttressed tree (Schefflera abyssinica). This led us on to a lovely, mature, wild coffee plant (Coffea arabica) in a perfect setting to be photographed, so I spent some time on it whilst the others made a plot survey nearby.

Wild Coffea arabica near Metu (Image: Paul Little)

Coming back to the car, there was a clear boundary of deforestation. For lunch we stopped in the nearby town. My stomach was in no mood for spicy tibb, but I was able to snaffle most of the potato portion without the others complaining. Skipping coffee for a cold Pepsi brought a welcome sugar boost. Leaving the town we passed a traditional round thatched hut sporting a shiny white satellite dish. Now I'm hoping to pass another with my camera ready. We've been steadily gaining altitude up to a height of 2300 m. Farmers in this area surround their properties with fences of euphorbia and grow crops of enset, a relative of the banana.

We stopped briefly to photograph a Lily of the Nile (Zantedeschia aethiopica) and were approached by some boys selling green peaches. Not yet ripe, they were delicious all the same.

- Paul -

Here in the Geographic Information Science (GIS) unit we handle the majority of the mapping needs for staff in the Herbarium and other departments at Kew. One of the most common requests from botanists is for a simple distribution map as part of the publication of a new species or a revision of a group. The maps are usually simple dot distribution maps showing where the species has been found.

Take a look at this example from a recent edition of Kew Bulletin (Timothy M. A. Utteridge. Four new species of Maesa Forssk. (Primulaceae) from Malesia. Kew Bulletin. September 2012, Volume 67, Issue 3, pp 367-378.)

Distribution of Maesa fraseriana [▲] and M. malayana [●] (Map reproduced with kind permission from Kew Bulletin and the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew)

Often all that is needed is a simple map with country boundaries, points (or other symbols) to illustrate the location of specimens or observations of the species, and a few mandatory cartographic elements such as a north arrow and a scale bar.

Until recently, the botanists at Kew would have to rely on the GIS unit to complete this task. A few brave souls have had a crack at doing their own maps, but the feedback we often get is that GIS software is overly complex and comes with a steep learning curve. It simply takes too long to produce the maps - “we just want a simple dot map!”. Well, the botanists' prayers may just have been answered with the development of a new web mapping tool called SimpleMappr.

Web mapping technology has improved significantly over the last few years and it seems that now you can create these simple maps quickly and easily without the need for a complex GIS. In this post we will give a quick overview of SimpleMappr and will present the pros and cons.

Getting started

First, go to the SimpleMappr home page here: http://www.simplemappr.net. From the home page you can see the map viewer with a toolbar on the left, the settings on the right and some tabs at the top (Help is on the far right).

SimpleMappr home page
Download larger image

You can click the zoom button to get to your area of interest and then try some of the settings on the right to add different layers and labels. For example, try turning on the ‘State/Provinces’ layer and labels by checking the boxes. You may also want to add a graticule grid to show the lines of latitude and longitude. For cartographic correctness you should also project your map and there are a few options with SimpleMappr. Choose the most appropriate one according to the location of your species. You can also crop your map using the crop button - note that you need to have the crop highlighted before you save, otherwise it will default to the full size map. Click the download button to save your map. You can download in multiple formats e.g. svg, png, tif, pptx, docx, or kml, and you can adjust the dimensions as well as add a border, legend and scale bar.
 

Quick map of Madagascar showing provinces with labels

Adding points and layers

Click on the 'point data' tab and either manually add latitude and longitude co-ordinate pairs, or cut and paste from another format, for example from an Excel table. You can then customise your points by shape, size and colour. Note that with each layer you can add a different species.

Cutting and pasting decimal latitude and longitude co-ordinate pairs from Excel (on the right) into the point layer window of SimpleMappr (on the left)
Download larger image

Another neat option is the ability to highlight regions e.g. countries or provinces. You can add this by typing the name of a country or by using ISO codes. You can then set the colour that the regions will be highlighted with. In the example below I used MDG[AV], MDG[TL] MDG[FI] to highlight the major regions in Madagascar where my species occurs. Before you know it you can produce a reasonable looking map to a standard that would be acceptable in many journals. You can see a couple of examples below that were generated in a few minutes.

The left-hand map shows points for the species, and provinces highlighted in grey. The right-hand map shows points with a relief map background
Download larger image

My Maps

Another nice feature is the ability to link existing accounts such as Google, Twitter, LinkedIn, Flickr, Facebook and Yahoo to SimpleMappr. This means you can save your maps either to edit and finalise later or to use as a template so that you don't have to start from scratch again.

Range of login options to SimpleMappr

A recent article from Kew botanist Paul Wilkin utilised SimpleMapr to produce a dot distribution map for a species of Dracaena in northeastern and central Thailand - no GIS needed! Although a scale bar might have been nice...

Distribution of Dracaena jayniana in northeastern and central Thailand based on both specimen data (●) and observations (■). Map Created with SimpleMappr, http://www.simplemappr.net. (Map reproduced with kind permission of Kew Bulletin and the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew)

Pros

• The interface is clean and easy to use and quickly gives pleasing maps
• There are many customisation options that cover most of the requirements for standard maps used in publications
• The developer is very responsive and deals with bugs and new feature requests quickly - see the Feedback tab on the website
• There is a mailing list so you can stay informed of recent activity (scroll to the bottom of the Feedback section to find the link)
• For the developers there is an API (application programming interface)

Cons

• The addition of projections was a great improvement, but more could be added. Also the lack of projection around 180 degrees is problematic for distributions across the pacific
• Positioning of labels cannot be controlled. It would be good to have some automatic avoidance for text against point data (i.e. you do not want text obscuring the points - although we are being very fussy now!)
• Map elements such as scale bar and legend cannot be adjusted (but in some cases you can adjust them afterwards in an image editing program)
• The Help section is a little on the light side - some screencasts or tutorials would be useful 

The final verdict

There are a few minor shortcomings, but we believe this is one of the best web mapping tools available at present for producing publication-ready maps. It has lots of potential when linked with the API. So, will the GIS unit now be out of a job? Unlikely... we have plenty of exciting analyses of plant data to be getting on with, as you’ll see in upcoming posts.

- Steve and the GIS team -

Related link

SimpleMappr

The Harapan Rainforest in the Indonesian province of Jambi, Sumatra is one of the few effectively protected areas in the lowlands of Sumatra. It is a former logging concession which has been leased for 99 years by the The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) in collaboration with their Indonesian partner, Burung Indonesia. As part of the lease agreement, the area needs to be managed and re-vegetated by the RSPB. In the past Kew has helped to provide some of the botanical background for this project. The project’s primary purpose is to map the remaining vegetation of the project area and provide input and recommendations for restoration and carbon capture at the site.

Memories of the forest

Over 14 days the Harapan Rainforest field teams clocked up: 

95 km covered by foot

Eight days boat access to remote sites

Two nights remote camping

18 field tweets

One birthday party

Collected data from 264 full field plots and 61 quick plots:

187 old secondary forest plots

94 young secondary forest plots

11 very young secondary forest (thicket) plots

28 scrub plots

Five cleared plots

As well as getting a lot of field data recorded we also enjoyed our surroundings, the hospitality of the Harapan Rainforest team, and life in the forest. 

Fond memories of fungi from Jenny

In the field I particularly loved the broad range of fungi found throughout Harapan Rainforest. From super tiny (the thickness of a hair) to large carpets. They came in all shapes and sizes... 

Fungi in the Harapan Rainforest

Interesting botany bits from Marie

For me it was excellent to visit enough sites to be able to see a pattern evolving between the presence of different species and their associated category of vegetation.

For example swamp forests that included  Pandanus species, Barringtonia species, and members of the Anacardiaceae (cashew or sumac) family with their poisonous sap, which is clear at first, and then turns jet black on exposure to air, including Gluta renghas, which reacts with skin and blisters the skin badly. I was really excited to see it as it was a massive tree and hadn’t been cut, presumably because the wood and sap is so poisonous. Despite the poisonous aspect of some of the species of the Anacardiaceae family, I have a real soft spot for them. 

Gluta renghas L. - Left: cut,  Right: bleeding

I also enjoyed the different types of Macaranga associated with sites of regenerating vegetation. Macaranga gigantea for example, was very clearly a secondary vegetation plant. Many of these species are now committed to memory as we spent so much time looking at them as we traveled backwards and forwards up and down the river each day visiting different sites.

We also encountered an interesting member of the Rubiaceae (coffee) family - at first I thought it was a strangler fig because of its latticed trunk – in the older specimens you could see right through the stem to the other side. It was a massive tree and too high for us to collect from.

We looked through binoculars and managed to find some of the inflorescences (flowers) and leaves on the forest floor. We thought it might be Rubiaceae but no one had come across one like this before. Back in the Herbarium at Kew I was able to identify it as a Pertusadina eurhyncha (Miq.) Ridsdale. There were some very large tree specimens of this species found at different sites so it was very satisfying to be able to put a name on it and, as Pak Deden said when I told him about it: 'It's very good if you identified the tree, because it’s rather common in this area. The tree is very important, because it has a big trunk and a good canopy.' 

Pertusadina eurhyncha (Miq.) Ridsdale

The final collection of the trip for our team was a specimen from the Sapindaceae family – a wild lychee or rambutan type plant with the MOST delicious fruits, which were a combination of lovely juicy lychees and blackcurrant sweets. Specimens were made for the Herbarium but we got to eat the left-over fruits – yum yum! 

 Sapindaceae family

Life in the Harapan Rainforest

The Harapan Rainforest team made us feel really welcome, they worked hard and were a lot of fun in the field. We couldn’t have collected as much data as we did without everyone’s expertise and enthusiasm.

Our Indonesian counterparts were very good company and watchful for our safety. There were so many slippery fallen trunks to cross and small streams to jump in the forest, that there were constant calls of 'hati hati' ('be careful' in Indonesian). Repetition really is the way to learn a different language because if you hear it enough you will learn it.

It was also very kind of the team down at Bato to turn the field office into a room for us ladies too – they provided us with mattresses and it was a comfortable place to lay our heads after a hard day’s work in the field and was quite, ahem, ‘homely’ (messy) after we got our mosquito nets set up and emptied the contents of our bags out.    

All in all we came away with many happy memories and friends, as well as very useful data! 

Field Team at Bato Camp Harapan Rainforest
 

The Kew team celebrate the end of the fieldwork with avocado shakes

 - Jenny and Marie - 

Here are two videos about Harapan Rainforest.

Protecting Sumatra's Ancient Forests

Conservation drone at Harapan Rainforest

  Related blogs

• Mapping the Harapan Rainforest
• Twitter maps

Find out more about the project

• Have a look at Kew's Harapan project pages
• Read the article in Kew magazine about the expedition
• RSBP's Harapan Rainforest pages
• Expedition and Collection map
• Vegetation maps online  

We have done a lot of work collecting data in the Harapan Rainforest, in lowland Sumatra. In this blog we present an overview of how all that data is used to produce a vegetation map. 

Setting out

Our focus was to summarize the condition of the Harapan Rainforest. Satellite imagery (taken by the French satellite SPOT in 2009) was used to generate a very basic classified image. These pictures were three years old, but were the most recent high resolution images that we could find of the entire Harapan Rainforest boundary, with low cloud cover (it is very wet and cloudy there).

In general, we view forests in shades of red, as a false colour composite (FCC). This is where the image colours are shifted to allow us to use near infra-red. Healthy vegetation reflects the near infra red (making it look red in the resultant image). The naked eye can discriminate more shades of red than any other colour. 

Image: Colours in the image represent - Red shades: Vegetation - Cyan shades: Low vegetation/clearings - White/black: No data due to cloud/cloud shadows

In this map, the darker the red the more developed the forest (or at least this is the theory we wanted to test).

A quick classification of the SPOT imagery gave us an indication of vegetation differences that we might be able to identify on the ground within the forest. We were not entirely sure what those differences were and that was why we needed to verify them with ground-based observations.

Image: Colours were associated with ‘best guess’ vegetation classes (without any ground-truth data). Good forest in red tones, younger forest in blues, and disturbed areas in the greens

In the forest

In the forest we used pre-prepared image analysis maps (such as the classification map above) to guide our daily route of ‘plots’ through the forest. We were looking at the different blocks of colour as an indication of different forest cover levels. We also looked at changes between 2009 and 2011, which would indicate re-growth or forest loss. We loaded these images onto android smart phones (we used the Samsung Galaxy S2 and Samsung Galaxy Note devices, in the field) to view, interact and set interest points using Locus Pro.

Image: All the information we gathered in the field was entered into digital forms (ODK collect) on the smart phones.

At each plot we collected the following data:

• location coordinates
• environment e.g. hill slope, swamp, etc.
• percentage forest cover
• size of trees
• dominant tree species
• dominant understory vegetation

Image: Roki Afriandi and Purnomo record tree size and species for large trees in the plot

Periodically, we sent data up to the server whenever we had a WiFi connection back at base camp. Back at Kew the data was collated and published on the GIS Unit Expedition Maps webpage. Geotagged tweets as well as our ODK datasheets were mapped in near-real-time.

It was a very successful field campaign and we surveyed over 300 plots assessing detailed canopy measurements and environmental variables with associated geo-locations, photographs and videos.

Back at Kew

Back in the office at Kew we cleaned up the data, filled-in blanks and attached photos taken with our own cameras. The field data was broken into thirds. One third was used to train the satellite imagery into defined forest categories and the last two-thirds to test the classification.

The forest categories we used were: Old Secondary Forest/Disturbed, Young Secondary Forest/Disturbed, Very Young Secondary Forest (Thicket/Disturbed), Scrub, and Cleared. After a few iterations a base map was produced for the area. Our results show that all forest levels showed good potential for regeneration by species identified in the field. There was a lot more intact forest than we had suspected from our initial work with the satellite imagery. See some of the results shown on the map here.

Image: Final vegetation map

We are finishing up this phase of the project, but are still updating our online expedition maps with geo-located photographs and our next blog will show you some of the highlights. 

- Jenny -
 

Find out more about the project

• Have a look at the project pages
• Expedition and Collection map
• Vegetation maps online

Related blogs

• Fly camping in Harapan
• From the field
• Twitter maps

Related links

• Have a look at RSBP's Harapan Rainforest pages
• Object Data Kit - used for collecting of field data on smart phones
• Locus pro, used for mapping on Android phones