LATEST NEWS: Mediterranean herbs
Thyme
The deliciously aromatic leaves of Mediterranean herbs flavour dishes as diverse as stew and pizza, but they have also long been used in cosmetics, perfumes and dyes.
Most herbs from the Mediterranean region grow in a habitat type called garrigue, which contains many low-growing fragrant shrubs. The plants here have to be tough - drought resistant, able to grow on poor soils and tolerant of grazing and fire. Many contain essential oils that help prevent water loss, and the majority put on growth during the winter; some even lose their leaves in summer as a way of protecting themselves. Most bloom in spring creating vast swathes of colour across the hillsides.
In the Queen's Garden at Kew you can find many of the herbs from the Mediterranean region, including lavender, sage, oregano, thyme and rosemary, all of which belong to the mint family (Lamiaceae).
We have put together full profiles on lavender. rosemary and sage, but here are some of the others that you may be familiar with.
Thyme (Thymus vulgaris)
A commonly used culinary herb, this diminutive perennial distils the essence of the strong sun and well drained soils it enjoys in its native Mediterranean. Widely grown for its heady warm aroma, which it retains even with drying, thyme can add flavour to many dishes.
- There are around 350 species of Thymus, most of which are evergreen.
- Ancient Egyptians used thyme in their embalming process.
- Ancient Greeks saw it as a symbol of courage and used it as incense.
- In the Middle Ages thyme was commonly placed under pillows to ensure sleep.
Oregano (Origanum vulgare)
This small purple-flowered perennial is also known by the common name of Marjoram. It is a widely used herb in Greek and Italian cuisine and is often used in tomato dishes, salads and with grilled meats. Together with basil it forms the main flavour of Italian food.
- The dried form of this herb is more flavourful than the fresh leaves.
- Its warm, aromatic taste is influenced by the climate in which it grows.
- Oregano is native to the Mediterranean, Europe and to south and central Asia.
- It is thought that its name means 'joy of the mountains'.
Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare)
This beautiful feathery-leaved herb is cultivated around the world for the aromatic, anise flavour of its leaves and seeds. Many cultures use it in their cooking including India and the Middle East, where it is added to egg, meat and fish dishes.
- Fennel as a word derives from Latin foenum meaning hay.
- It can be used to relive asthma and bronchitis.
- Fennel is also used in soaps, natural toothpastes, and can act as an insect repellent.
- In medieval times it was used to keep witches away!